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Gross Anatomy > The head/neck > Flashcards

The head/neck Flashcards

1
Q

When do the different Fontanel fuse?

A

Future Lambdoid Suture: 6-8 Wks

Anterior Fontanel: 18 to 24 Months

Anterolateral Fontanel: 3 Months

Posterolateral Fontanel: 1 to 2 months

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2
Q

What is the plane running from the superior margin of the external auditory meatus Horizantally?

A

Frankfort Horizontal Plane (Auriculo-orbital plane)

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3
Q

What is the weakest part of the skull? What is it’s other clinical significance?

A

Pterion

Anterior branch f middle meningeal artery lies in the groove on the internal aspect of lateral was of skull

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4
Q

What is the contrecoup fracture?

A

No fracture at site of impact; Fracture at opposite site of skull

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5
Q

Where is the Incisive foramen and what passes though it?

A
  • Posterior to incisor teeth in hard palate of maxilla

- Nasopalatine Branches of CN V2

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6
Q

Where is infraorbital foramen and what passes through it?

A
  • Inferior to orbit on maxilla

- Infraorbital Branch CN V2

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7
Q

Where is the mandibular foramen and what passes through it?

A
  • Medial surface of the ramus of mandible

- Alveolar vessels and inferior alveolar branches of CN V3

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8
Q

Where is the mental foramen and what passes through it?

A
  • Inferior to second premolar on anterolateral surface or mandible
  • Mental blood vessels; Mental Nerve Branch Of CN V3
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9
Q

Where is the Dural venous sinus? what veins drains into them?

A
  • Between dura and Internal periostum lining of the skull
  1. Vertebral venous plexus
  2. Emissary veins of scalp
  3. Emissary veins of nasal mucosa
  4. Angular Vein via superior ophthalmic vein from face to nose
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10
Q

What does the superior saggital sinus drain?

A

Nasal cavity, scalp, meningeal vein, and superior cerebral vein

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11
Q

________ Joins the great cerebral vein to form the _________, which empties in the confluence of sinuses.

A

Inferior Sagittal sinus joins the great cerebral vein to form the straight sinus, which empties in the confluence of sinuses

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12
Q

What will the transverse sinus become?

A

Becomes sigmoid sinus and eventually becomes internal jugular vein

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13
Q

What runs through the cavernous sinus?

A
  • Internal Carotid aa

- CN VI

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14
Q

What structures run lateral to the cavernous sinus?

A
  • CN III, IV, V1, and V2
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15
Q

What structures drain into the cavernous sinus?

A
  • Superior and inferior ophthalmic vein

- Central vein of retina

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16
Q

What is the Adam’s apple, and what spinal lvl?

A

Thyroid cartilage C4-5

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17
Q

What innervates the platysma?

A

CN VII

18
Q

What innervates the SCM?

A

CN XI

19
Q

What are the boundaries, floor, roof, of the posterior cervical triangle? What passes over the apex?

A

Ant: Pos SCM
Pos: Ant trap
Inf: Clavicle

Roof: Deep fascia

Floor: Scalenes, Lev scap, and Splenius capitis

***Occipital artery passes over Apex of triangle before ascending over posterior head

20
Q

What vein is inside the PCT, and what forms it?

A

External jugular vein: Posterior div. of retromandicular + Posterior Auricular veins

21
Q

How is the retromandicular vein formed?

A

Inside the parotid gland by union of superficial temporal + Maxillary veins

22
Q

Where is the Cervical plexus located in relation to distinct muscle and vein?

A

Deep to internal jugular and SCM

23
Q

What are the four sensory branches of the cervical plexus?

A
  1. Lesser occipital
  2. Great Auricular
  3. Transverse cervical cutaneous
  4. Supraclavicular
24
Q

What does the great Auricular nerve supply and what structure does it run with?

A

Runs with external jugular vein and supplies skin over angle of mandible

25
Q

What do branches of the supraclavicular nerve supply what joints in the neck/shoulder?

A

Medial and Lateral supraclavicular nerves supply the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints

26
Q

Which branch of the cervical plexus nerves travels with the external jugular vein?

A. Greater auricular nerve 
B. Transverse cervical nerve 
C. Lesser occipital nerve 
D. Lateral supraclavicular nerve 
E. Spinal accessory nerve
A

A. Greater Auricular Nerve

27
Q

The lateral supraclavicular nerve supplies the sternoclavicular joint with sensory innervation.

A. True
B. False

A

B. False

28
Q

What is the Ansa Cervicalis? Where is it located?

A
  • Loop of nerve which arises from cervical plexus and supplies infrahyoid muscles.
  • Its embedded into carotid sheath, but NOT a content of sheath
29
Q

What are the Suprahyoid muscles? Innervation?

A
  1. Mylohyoids (Mouth to Hyoid): CN V
  2. Geniohyoids (Mandible to hyoid): CN XII
  3. Stylohyoid muscles: CN VII
  4. Digastric muscle: ANTERIOR BELLY CN V; POSTERIOR BELLY CN VII
30
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles? Innervations?

A
  1. Sternohyoid: A-C
  2. Sternothyroid: A-C
  3. Thyrohyoid: C1 VIA CN XII
  4. Omohyoid: A-C
31
Q

What are the four subdivisions of the ACT?

A
  1. Digastric/submandibular (Btwn Disgastric muscle and Mandible)
  2. Submental/suprahyoid
  3. Carotid Triangle (Btwn Omohyoid, SCM, and Digastric)
  4. Muscular triangle (Btwn SCM, Omohyoid, and midline of neck)
32
Q

What structures are contained within the carotid sheath?

A
  1. Internal Jugular vein
  2. Deep Cervical LNs
  3. Vagus
  4. Common Carotids
  5. Internal Carotids

***Ansa Cervicalis in embedded, NOT within

33
Q

What structure denotes the common carotid terminating into external/internal?

A

Thyroid cartilage

34
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid?

A
  1. Sup Thyroid
  2. Ascending pharyngeal
  3. Lingual
  4. Facial
  5. Occipital
  6. Posterior Auricular
  7. Superficial temporal
  8. Maxillary
35
Q

What are the layers of the cervical viscera?

A
  1. Superficial endocrine: Thymus, thyroid gland, PArathyroid
  2. Middle respiratory: Larynx, Trachea
  3. Deep Alimentary: Pharynx, Esophagus
36
Q

What muscles does the superficial layer of fascia cover?

A

Ensheathes platysma and muscles of facial expression

37
Q

How does the superficial layer of the Deep cervical fascia move and separate?

A

Splits at mandible and covers the masseter laterally and the medial surface of the medial pterygoid

38
Q

What does the superficial layer of the Deep cervical fascia envelope?

A
  • SCM
  • Trapezius
  • Submandibular
  • Parotid
39
Q

What does the visceral division of the middle layer deep cervical fascia envelope?

A
  • thyroid
  • Trachea
  • esophagus
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
40
Q

What are the borders of the muscular division of the middle layer of the deep cervical fascia? What does it envelope?

A

SUP: Hyoid/thyroid cartilage

INF: Sternum, clavicle, and scapula

Envelops infrahyiod strap muscles

41
Q

Describe the to divisions of the Deep layer of the deep cervical fascia

A

Alar:
Borders
SUP: BAse of skull
INF: Upper mediastinum at T1/2

Prevertebral:
Borders
SUP: BAse of skull
INF: Coccyx
*Envelopes vertebral bodies and deep muscles of neck
**Extends laterally as axillary sheath

Gross Anatomy (24 decks)

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