Kidney, Ureter, And Adrenals Flashcards
What spinal levels do the kidneys lie?
Erect: L1-L4
Supine: T12-L3
What is nephrotosis?
When support of the kidneys is limited
What is located in the Hilum of the kidney?
- Ureter
- Renal veins
- Renal Arteries
- Sym and PS nerves
What are the tributaries of the left renal vein?
- Gonadal
- Body Wall
- Diaphragm
- Adrenal Glands
Describe Nutcracker syndrome
- Compression of LRV between AA and SMA
- Other variants exist
—> Renal Hypertension
—> Left testicular swelling (Vericocele)
—> Blood in urine
- Left flank pain
- Hematuria
What are common causes of nutcracker syndrome I’m children and adults?
Children: Normal growth and changes in proportion
Adults: Extreme weight loss
How does the ureter turn in females?
- Lie near ischial spine
- Turn downward, forward, and medially below the uterine vessels about 1.5 - 2 cm from cervix
What are possible points of contraction fo the ureter?
- Ureter pelvis junction (Renal pelvis)
- Pelvic brim
- Bladder as they enter obliquely into superoposterior wall
What is the blood supply for the adrenal glands?
Superior suprarenal artery (Inferior phrenic)
Middle Suprarenal (AA)
Inferior Suprarenal (Renal artery)
Describe the venous drainage from the adrenal glands.
- Right suprarenal vein —> IVS
- Left Suprarenal vein —> Left renal vein
What is the origin and function of the right And left cruces of the diaphragm?
Right Arises from L1-L3 and spots to enclose the esophagus
Left arises from L1-2
Describe the attachments of the arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm.
Medial arcuate ligament: Body L2 —> TP L1
Lateral arcuate ligament: TP L1 —> Rib 12
What run through each diaphragmatic opening?
T8: Phrenic nerve, IVS, Lymphatics
T10: Esophagus, Right/left Vagus, Esophageal branch left gastric artery/vein
T12: Thoracic Aorta, Thoracic duct, Greater Splanchnic nerves, Azygos vein
What accompanies the phrenic nerve?
Pericardiophrenic artery
