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Gross Anatomy > Joints Upper Extremities/ Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Joints Upper Extremities/ Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiate the functional classifications of joints and their moveability

A

Synarthrosis - Immovable

Amphiarhtrosis - Slightly moveable

Diarthrosis - Freelymoveable

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2
Q

What are bursae?

A

Flattened sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid

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3
Q

What are tendon sheaths?

A

Elongated bursae wrapped around a tendon to reduce friction

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4
Q

What are menisci?

A

Edges of fibrocartilage which subdivide synovial cavities

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5
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A
  1. BAll and Socket
  2. Hinge
  3. Saddle
  4. Ellipsoidal
  5. Pivot
  6. Gliding
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6
Q

What are the attachments and actions of the deltoid?

A

Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula —> Deltoid tuberosity

Abduction, extension, lateral rotation of humerus

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7
Q

What are the attachments and actions of the Supraspinatus?

A

Supraspinous Fossa —> Superior facet of greater tubercle

Lateral rotation and assists abduction

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8
Q

What are the attachments and actions of the Infraspinatus?

A

Infrspinous fossa —> Middle facet of greater tubercle

Lateral rotation; helps keep head of humerus in during abduction

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9
Q

What are the attachments and actions of the Teres Minor?

A

Lateral border of scapula —> Inferior facet of greater tubercle

Lateral rotation and Adduction

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10
Q

What are the attachments and actions of the Teres Major?

A

Inferior angle of scapula —> Medial lip off inter tubercular groove

Adduction and medial rotation

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11
Q

What are the attachments and actions of the Infraspinatus?

A

Subscapularis Fossa —> Lesser Tubercle

Medial rotation

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12
Q

What innervates the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve

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13
Q

What innervates supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C4-6)

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14
Q

What innervates Infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular Nerve (C4-6)

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15
Q

What innervates Teres Minor?

A

Axillary Nerve

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16
Q

What innervates Teres major?

A

Lower Subscapular nerve (C5-6)

17
Q

What innervates subscapularis?

A

Lower and upper subscapular nerves

18
Q

What are the 4 types of anterior dislocations? Which is most common, and which is least common?

A
  • Subcoracoid
  • Subglenoid
  • Subclavicular
  • Infrathoracic
19
Q

What are the male and female carrying angles?

A

Male: 10-15

Female: 15

20
Q

What are the bursae of the elbow joint?

A
  • Subcutaneous bursa do medial epicondyle
  • Olecranon bursae: Subtendinous, Intratendinus, subcutaneous
  • Bursa of anconeus
  • Subcutaneous bursa on lateral Epicondyle
  • Bursa at origin of extensor carpi Radialis brevis
21
Q

What is nurse aids elbow?

A

Incomplete dislocation of head of radius; Common in children 1-3

22
Q

What is Erb-Duchene Paralysis?

A
  • Excessive Separation of neck/shoulder from sports
  • Stretching of infants neck during delivery
  • Upper Brachial plexus injury
23
Q

What is Waiter’s Tip position?

A

Extremity which hangs in medial rotation with the wrist in flexion due to upper brachial plexus injury

24
Q

What is the most common middle brachial plexus injury?

A
  • Intrascalene anesthesia of brachial plexus
  • Spinal nerve C7
  • Affects Adduction, Abduction, extension, and lateral rotation
25
Q

What is Djerine-Klumpke paralysis?

A
  • Violent upward displacement of arm (ex shoulder dislocation)
  • Affects C8/T1
  • Intrinsic Claw Hand
  • Inability to adducts due to involvement of medial pectoral nerve
26
Q

What is crutch palsy?

A
  • Radial nerve affected
  • Results in impaired abd/add as well as wrist drop
  • impaired thumb movement
27
Q

Describe damage to the axillary nerve

A
  • Usually from fracture of the surgical neck of humerus
  • Affects deltoid and teres minor
  • loss of abduction and impaired lateral rotation
28
Q

Describe damage to musculocutaneous nerve

A
  • Flexion at forearm and shoulder is lost

- Sensory is lost to lateral forearm

29
Q

Describe injury to the Median nerve at different locations.

A

At Axilla: No branches in arm; flexion at hand, digits, pronation of arm is lost; All Thenar muscles except adductor is affected

Laceration of wrist: Only Thenar muscles affected

Above elbow: Muscles of thumb except adduction

30
Q

Describe Ulnar Nerve damage and locations

A

Medial Epicondyle:

  • Adduction of hand,
  • interossei/lumbricals,
  • hand/digit flexion,
  • adduction of thumb
  • sensory loss to medial 1 1/2 digits
  • ** Claw Hand

Section at wrist:

  • Hypothenar parlayed.
  • More severe clawing; Ring flexor tendons intact
  • Adduction of thumb
  • Movement of little finger lost

Gross Anatomy (24 decks)

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