The Back And Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of the first layer of the back?

A
  • Trapezius

- Lattisimus Dorsi

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2
Q

What are the muscles of the 2nd layer of the back?

A
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Rhoboidis maj/min
  • Serratus posterior sup/inf
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3
Q

What are the muscles of the 3rd deepest layer of the back?

A
  • Erector spinae and semispinalis
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4
Q

What are the muscles of the 4th (deepest) layer of the back?

A
  • Transversalis
  • Rotatories
  • interspinalis
  • muscles of the sub Occipital triangles
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5
Q

What are their three groups of erectors spinae muscles?

A
  1. Lateral Column: Iliocostalis
  2. Intermediate column: Longissimus
  3. Medial column: Spinalis
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6
Q

What are the muscles of the sub Occipital triangle?

What are the borders of the triangle?

A
  • Rectus capitis major - Medial Border
  • Rectus capitis Minor
  • Obliquus capitis inferior - Inferior Border
  • Obliquus capitis superior - Lateral Border
  • Semispinalis capitis and longissimus capitis Form Roof
  • Posterior arch of atlas and Atlanta-occipital membrane form the floor
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7
Q

What are the contents of the sub Occipital triangle?

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • Suboccipital nerve (C1)
  • Suboccipital venous plexus
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8
Q

What are the components of the occipitoaxial ligament?

A
  • Cruciform ligament
  • Apical ligament
  • Alar ligament
  • Tectorial membrane
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9
Q

What is the origin, Insertion, and nerve supply of the trapezius?

A

Origin: Medial 1/3 of superior nuchal, external
occipital protuberance, Ligamentum nuchae, spines of all cervical & all thoracic vertebrae and supraspinous ligament

Insertion: posterior border of lateral 1/3 of the clavicle,
medial margin of acromion upper lip of the crest of the
spine of the clavicle.

Nerve Supply: Spinal Accessory And C3/4

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10
Q

What are the origin, insertion, and nerve supply of the latossimus Dorsi?

A

Origin: Lower 6 Thoracic, thoracolumbar fascia, lower 3-4 ribs inferior angle fo scapula

Insertion: Floor of the bicipital groove

Nerve Supply: Nerve to Lat via Thoracodorsal nerve

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11
Q

what are the borders of the triangle of auscultation?

A

Sup border Lats Dorsi: Inferior Border

Lateral border of Trapezius: Medial border

Medial border of scapula: Lateral order

Rhomboid maj: floor

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12
Q

What are the transverso-spinalis muscles?

A
  • Multifidus
  • Interspinals
  • intertransversospinalis
  • Rotators
  • semispinalis
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13
Q

Which intrinsic muscle of the back connects adjacent transverse processes of vertebrae?

A

Intertransversaris

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14
Q

Which intrinsic muscle of the originates from a transverse process and inserts onto the spinous process of the vertebrae above?

A

Rotatores

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15
Q

The _____ is located between the body of the vertebrae and the transverse process.

A. Spinous process
B. Pedicles
C. Lamina
D. Mammillary process

A

B. Pedicle

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16
Q

What is the foramen directly lateral tp S1/S2?

A

Anterior Sacral Foramen

17
Q

What type of joint are the intervertebral joints, and what are they made up of?

A

cartilagenous Joint

  • Nucleus Pulposus
  • Annulus Fibrosus
18
Q

What are the common sites of Disc herniation?

A
  • L4-5
  • L5-S1
  • C6-7
19
Q

What are three structural classifications of joints?

A

FIBROUS JOINT:
– No joint cavity, fibrous CT – Distal tibiofibular joint

• CARTILAGENOUS JOINT:
– No joint cavity, cartilage holds
bones together – Pubis symphysis

• SYNOVIAL JOINT:
– There is a joint cavity
– Bones united by articular
capsule and ligaments – Knee joint, hip joint

20
Q

What are the three functional classifications of joints?

A

Synarthrosis -> No movement; go pho’s is, sutures

Amphiarthrosis: Slight movement; Distal tibiofibular

Diarthrosis: freely moveable with synovial cavity

21
Q

What are the 5 ligaments which compose different joints n the spine?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Posterior Longitudinal ligament

Ligamentum Flavum

Supraspinatus ligament

Interspinous ligament

22
Q

Which ligament of the spine lies between adjacent Lamina?

A

Ligamentum Flavum

23
Q

Which layers surround the subdural space?

A

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

24
Q

What is contained in the epidural space?

A
  • Adipose
  • Vertebral venous plexus
  • Spinal nerves
25
What level does the spinal cords terminate?
L1/2
26
What is the termination for the spinal column called?
Cauda Equina
27
What structures extend from the pia mater to the dura mater to stabilize side-side movements?
Denticulate ligaments
28
What are the levels of the coccygeal ligament Filum terminalis)?
The coccygeal ligament (film Terminate) is from L2- Coccyx
29
Explain developmental timeline for the end of the spinal cord.
6th month gestation: S1 Birth: L3 Adult: L1-2
30
What is the innervation of the back vs the thorax
Back - Dorsal rami Thorax - Ventral RAmi T1-T12
31
What is the arterial supply for the spinal cord?
- Anterior spinal artery (vertebral) - Segmental arteries - Two posterior spinal arteries (vertebral) - Radicular Arteries (Intermediate neural artery)
32
What is the venous drainage for the spinal cord?
- Intervertebral veins - Segmental veins - Vertebral venous plexus - Vertebral venous plexus of Batson
33
What is the innervation of the spinal column?
Meaning earl branches of the spinal nerves
34
Describe the location and pathway for the lumbar puncture.
- Patient is in lateral decubitus position - Locate L4-L5 Pathway: Skin —> Supraspinatus ligament —> Interspinous ligament -> Ligamentum flavum (“pop”) —> Interspinalis —> Epidural space —> Dura —> Subdural space —> arachnoid mater —> subarachnoid space FINISH!
35
Differentiate hangman vs Jefferson fracture.
Hangman - Fracture of pedicel or laminar of C2 by hyperflexion or hyperextension Jefferson Fracture - Burst fracture of atlas C1 due to hyperextension;
36
What is foramen stenosis?
Narrowing or tightening of the openings between the bones of the spine
37
What is the Scotty dog sign?
The normal appearance of the lumbar spine when seen obliquely; Figure of a dog.