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Gross Anatomy > The Back And Spinal Cord > Flashcards

The Back And Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of the first layer of the back?

A
  • Trapezius

- Lattisimus Dorsi

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2
Q

What are the muscles of the 2nd layer of the back?

A
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Rhoboidis maj/min
  • Serratus posterior sup/inf
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3
Q

What are the muscles of the 3rd deepest layer of the back?

A
  • Erector spinae and semispinalis
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4
Q

What are the muscles of the 4th (deepest) layer of the back?

A
  • Transversalis
  • Rotatories
  • interspinalis
  • muscles of the sub Occipital triangles
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5
Q

What are their three groups of erectors spinae muscles?

A
  1. Lateral Column: Iliocostalis
  2. Intermediate column: Longissimus
  3. Medial column: Spinalis
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6
Q

What are the muscles of the sub Occipital triangle?

What are the borders of the triangle?

A
  • Rectus capitis major - Medial Border
  • Rectus capitis Minor
  • Obliquus capitis inferior - Inferior Border
  • Obliquus capitis superior - Lateral Border
  • Semispinalis capitis and longissimus capitis Form Roof
  • Posterior arch of atlas and Atlanta-occipital membrane form the floor
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7
Q

What are the contents of the sub Occipital triangle?

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • Suboccipital nerve (C1)
  • Suboccipital venous plexus
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8
Q

What are the components of the occipitoaxial ligament?

A
  • Cruciform ligament
  • Apical ligament
  • Alar ligament
  • Tectorial membrane
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9
Q

What is the origin, Insertion, and nerve supply of the trapezius?

A

Origin: Medial 1/3 of superior nuchal, external
occipital protuberance, Ligamentum nuchae, spines of all cervical & all thoracic vertebrae and supraspinous ligament

Insertion: posterior border of lateral 1/3 of the clavicle,
medial margin of acromion upper lip of the crest of the
spine of the clavicle.

Nerve Supply: Spinal Accessory And C3/4

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10
Q

What are the origin, insertion, and nerve supply of the latossimus Dorsi?

A

Origin: Lower 6 Thoracic, thoracolumbar fascia, lower 3-4 ribs inferior angle fo scapula

Insertion: Floor of the bicipital groove

Nerve Supply: Nerve to Lat via Thoracodorsal nerve

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11
Q

what are the borders of the triangle of auscultation?

A

Sup border Lats Dorsi: Inferior Border

Lateral border of Trapezius: Medial border

Medial border of scapula: Lateral order

Rhomboid maj: floor

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12
Q

What are the transverso-spinalis muscles?

A
  • Multifidus
  • Interspinals
  • intertransversospinalis
  • Rotators
  • semispinalis
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13
Q

Which intrinsic muscle of the back connects adjacent transverse processes of vertebrae?

A

Intertransversaris

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14
Q

Which intrinsic muscle of the originates from a transverse process and inserts onto the spinous process of the vertebrae above?

A

Rotatores

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15
Q

The _____ is located between the body of the vertebrae and the transverse process.

A. Spinous process
B. Pedicles
C. Lamina
D. Mammillary process

A

B. Pedicle

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16
Q

What is the foramen directly lateral tp S1/S2?

A

Anterior Sacral Foramen

17
Q

What type of joint are the intervertebral joints, and what are they made up of?

A

cartilagenous Joint

  • Nucleus Pulposus
  • Annulus Fibrosus
18
Q

What are the common sites of Disc herniation?

A
  • L4-5
  • L5-S1
  • C6-7
19
Q

What are three structural classifications of joints?

A

FIBROUS JOINT:
– No joint cavity, fibrous CT – Distal tibiofibular joint

• CARTILAGENOUS JOINT:
– No joint cavity, cartilage holds
bones together – Pubis symphysis

• SYNOVIAL JOINT:
– There is a joint cavity
– Bones united by articular
capsule and ligaments – Knee joint, hip joint

20
Q

What are the three functional classifications of joints?

A

Synarthrosis -> No movement; go pho’s is, sutures

Amphiarthrosis: Slight movement; Distal tibiofibular

Diarthrosis: freely moveable with synovial cavity

21
Q

What are the 5 ligaments which compose different joints n the spine?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Posterior Longitudinal ligament

Ligamentum Flavum

Supraspinatus ligament

Interspinous ligament

22
Q

Which ligament of the spine lies between adjacent Lamina?

A

Ligamentum Flavum

23
Q

Which layers surround the subdural space?

A

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

24
Q

What is contained in the epidural space?

A
  • Adipose
  • Vertebral venous plexus
  • Spinal nerves
25
Q

What level does the spinal cords terminate?

A

L1/2

26
Q

What is the termination for the spinal column called?

A

Cauda Equina

27
Q

What structures extend from the pia mater to the dura mater to stabilize side-side movements?

A

Denticulate ligaments

28
Q

What are the levels of the coccygeal ligament Filum terminalis)?

A

The coccygeal ligament (film Terminate) is from L2- Coccyx

29
Q

Explain developmental timeline for the end of the spinal cord.

A

6th month gestation: S1

Birth: L3

Adult: L1-2

30
Q

What is the innervation of the back vs the thorax

A

Back - Dorsal rami

Thorax - Ventral RAmi T1-T12

31
Q

What is the arterial supply for the spinal cord?

A
  • Anterior spinal artery (vertebral)
  • Segmental arteries
  • Two posterior spinal arteries (vertebral)
  • Radicular Arteries (Intermediate neural artery)
32
Q

What is the venous drainage for the spinal cord?

A
  • Intervertebral veins
  • Segmental veins
  • Vertebral venous plexus
  • Vertebral venous plexus of Batson
33
Q

What is the innervation of the spinal column?

A

Meaning earl branches of the spinal nerves

34
Q

Describe the location and pathway for the lumbar puncture.

A
  • Patient is in lateral decubitus position
  • Locate L4-L5

Pathway: Skin —> Supraspinatus ligament —> Interspinous ligament -> Ligamentum flavum (“pop”) —> Interspinalis —> Epidural space —> Dura —> Subdural space —> arachnoid mater —> subarachnoid space FINISH!

35
Q

Differentiate hangman vs Jefferson fracture.

A

Hangman - Fracture of pedicel or laminar of C2 by hyperflexion or hyperextension

Jefferson Fracture - Burst fracture of atlas C1 due to hyperextension;

36
Q

What is foramen stenosis?

A

Narrowing or tightening of the openings between the bones of the spine

37
Q

What is the Scotty dog sign?

A

The normal appearance of the lumbar spine when seen obliquely; Figure of a dog.

Gross Anatomy (24 decks)

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