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Gross Anatomy > Abdominal Wall/Inguinal > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall/Inguinal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superior/inferior bordered of the abdominal diaphragm?

A

Superior: Thoracic diaphragm

Infineon: Pelvic Rim (Linea Terminalis)

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2
Q

How far superiorly does the abdomen lie?

A

5th intercostal space

  • in supine position
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3
Q

What are the contents of the abdomen?

A
  • Peritoneal cavity
  • GI organs: Inferior esophagus, Stomach, duodenum, intestines, appendix…
  • Liver and Biliary system
  • Pancreas
  • Suprarenal glands
  • Kidneys and superior parts of ureter
  • Vessels
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4
Q

What are the layers around the abdomen from superficial to deep?

A

Skin —> Fatty superficial fascia (Camper’s) —> Membranous superficial fascia (Scarpa’s) —> Deep fascia —> External obliques —> Internal obliques —> Transverse abdominal muscle —> Endoabdominal fascia

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5
Q

What are the limits of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Superiorly: Right/left Costal margins

Inferiorly: A Line connecting each ASIS to pubis

Laterally: Vertical line through ASIS

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6
Q

What is the Linea Semilunaris?

A
  • Curved Line/groove
  • EXTENDS FROM 9th CC TO PUBIS AND IS LOCATED 5-8 CM f/ MEDIAN PLANE
  • Represents Lateral border of rectus abdomin
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7
Q

Where is the Pubic crest and Tubercle located? What attaches on it?

A

Bony landmark 2.5 cm laterally of pubic symphysis

Inguinal ligament

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8
Q

Where can the Iliac crest be palpated?

A

6 cm posterior or ASIS

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9
Q

Where is the subcostal plane?

A

Joins the inferior margin of 10th costal cartilages through L2/L3

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10
Q

Where is the transtubercular plane?

A

Through the Iliac Tubercles passing through L5

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11
Q

Where is the Transpyloric Plane?

A
  • Midway between Xiphisternal joint and umbilicus

- INFERIOR BORDER OF L1

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12
Q

Where is the Transumbilical Plane?

A

Though umbilicus and at Levels L3-L4

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13
Q

Which Vertebra are associated with which abdominal plane?

A

SCP: L2-3

TTP: L5

TPP: L1

TUP: L3-4

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14
Q

What are the different Abdominal regions?

A
  • Right/Left Upper Quadrant (RUQ/LUQ)
  • Epigastric (EQ)
  • RIGHT/Left Lumbar (RLQ/LLQ)
  • Hypogastric (HQ)
  • Right/left Ingunal Quadrant (RIQ/LIQ)
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15
Q

What are contents of RUQ?

A
  • Liver: Right lobe
  • Gallbladder
  • Pyloris of Stomach
  • Duodenum 1-3
  • Head of Pancreas
  • Right suprarenal gland/Kidney
  • Right Kidney
  • Right Colic flexure
  • superior Ascending/Right Transverse Colon
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16
Q

What are contents of LUQ?

A
  • Liver: Left Lobe
  • Spleen
  • Stomach
  • Jejunum and Proximal Ileum
  • Pancreas: Body and Tail
  • Left Kidney/Suprarenal gland
  • LEft Colic flexure Colon
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17
Q

What are contents of Right Lower Quadrant?

A
  • Cecum
  • Vermiform Appendix
  • Inferior Ascending Colon
  • Right ovary/Uterine Tube or Spermatic cord
  • Right Ureter
  • Full bladder
  • Enlarged Uterus
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18
Q

What are contents of LLQ?

A
  • Sigmoid Colon
  • Inferior Descending Colon
  • Left ovary/UterineTube or Left spermatic cord
  • Left Ureter
  • Full Bladder
  • Enlarged Uterus
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19
Q

Scarpa’s Fascia is continuous inferiorly with the ________ and the _____.

A

Fascia Lata of the Thigh

Colle’s Fascia of perineum

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20
Q

The Aponeurosis of the External Obliques fold back on itself and form the _________.

A

Inguinal ligament (Poupart’s Ligament)

21
Q

What forms from the medial part of the inguinal ligament?

A

Medial Inguinal Ligament reflects back horizontally forming the Lacunar ligament (Gumbernats) and then continues as the Pectineal ligament (Coopers).

22
Q

What is formed just superiorly to the medial part of the inguinal ligament?

A
  • Triangular opening —> Superficial (External) Inguinal Ring
23
Q

Where doe the Cruces of the superficial inguinal ring insert?

A

Lateral Crus —> Pubic Tubercle

Medial Crus —> Pubic Symphysis

24
Q

What are the contents of the superficial inguinal ring?

A
  • Spermatic Cord
  • Round ligament in females
  • Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
25
Q

What does the Ilioinguinal nerve supply?

A

Skin over superomedial thigh, skin of lower inguinal region, Mons pubis, anterior scrotum or labia majorum

26
Q

What are the structures of the EOM Aponeurosis?

A
  • Inguinal Ligament (Poupart)
  • Lacunar (Gubernat)
  • Pectineal (Cooper)
  • Superficial Inguinal Ring
  • External Spermatic Fascia
27
Q

How does the spermatic cord run in males?

A
  • Passes through Internal obliques fibers from which the cremasteric muscle is formed
28
Q

Which structure runs through the cremasteric muscle fibers?

A

Spermmatic cord

29
Q

Which structure is partly formed by the IOM?

A

Inguinal Canal

30
Q

What is the Conjoint Tendon (Falx Inguinalis)?

A

Insertion of IOM/trans versus abdominis into pubic symphysis

31
Q

How does the wall of the abdomen change above/below the arcuate line?

A

Above arcuate line (Upper 2/3):

  • EO, IO, and TA surround RA
  • Bundles are surrounded by Anterior and posterior rectus sheath

Below Arcuate Line (Lower 1/3):

  • All lie superficial to RA
  • NO Posterior Rectus Sheath
32
Q

What structure is derived from the Fascia Transversalis?

A

Internal Spermatic Fascia of the spermatic cord

33
Q

What do the Iliohypogastric nerve and Ilioinguinal nerve supply?

A

IlioHypogastric (L1): Skin over upper inguinal region and iliac crest

Ilioinguinal (L1): Skin over medial thigh and lower inguinal regions, mons pubis, Anterior croute or labia majorum

34
Q

Where does the superior epigastric artery enter the rectus sheath?

A

Inferior to 7th costal cartilage

35
Q

What are the umbilical folds?

A

MEdian: Urachus

Medial: Obliterated umbilical artery

Lateral: Patent Inferior epigastric artery

36
Q

What is the Large Median Fold? What is its free edge, and what is it the remnant of

A

Falciform ligament; Ligamentum teres; Umbilical vein

37
Q

What is Hesselbachs triangle?

A

Medial Inguinal Fossa

38
Q

What forms the floor for he inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament

39
Q

Where is the Deep inguinal ring?

A

Slit like opening in the fascia transversalis

40
Q

Where is the Superficial inguinal Ring?

A

Triangular opening in EOM aponeurosis

41
Q

How do Indirect Inguinal hernias leave the abdominal cavity?

A

Leave Laterally to inferior epigastric vessels, transverse the deep inguinal ring, canal, and superficial inguinal ring

42
Q

How do Direct inguinal hernias run?

A
  • Protrude anteriorly though posterior wall of inguinal canal and leave abdominal cavity MEDIAL to Inferior epigastric vessels
  • PAss through Hesselbachs triangle
43
Q

Where is Hesselbachs triangle located, and what bounds it?

A
  • Located posterior to superficial inguinal ring.
  • Bounded:

Inferior: Inguinal ligament
Lateral: Inferior epigastric vessels
Medial: LAteral border of RA

44
Q

Differentiate Indirect and Direct Hernias and how they run with the spermatic cord.

A

Indirect: Enter deep inguinal ring and run within spermatic cord

Direct: Enter inguinal canal and run parallel to spermatic cord

45
Q

What are the contents of the Spermatic cord?

A
  • Vas Deferens

- Testicular artery and vein (Pampiniform plexus)

46
Q

Differentiate right/left testicular drainage.

A

Right Teste: Single vein which drains directly to IVS at L1

Left Teste: Single veins which drain to left renal vein at L1

47
Q

Which nerve runs within the inguinal canal but NOT the spermatic cord?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

48
Q

Where does the cremaster muscle terminate?

A

The Testes

49
Q

Differentiate Afferent and Efferent arms of the Cremasteric reflex.

A

Afferent:Ilioinguinal nerve (L1) which supplies skin on anteromedial skin of thigh

Efferent: Gential branch of genitofemoral Nerve (L1-L2) —> Cremaster muscle

Gross Anatomy (24 decks)

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