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Gross Anatomy > Nose/Paranasal/Larynx/Pharynx > Flashcards

Nose/Paranasal/Larynx/Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Three components Nasal Septum

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

Vomer

Septal Cartilage

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2
Q

What are walls of Nasal Cavity?

A

Floor: Palatine process of maxilla; Palatine Bone

Roof: Nasal Cartilage; Cribriform plate; Phenoid bone

Medial: Nasal Septum

Lateral: Concha/Turbinates

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3
Q

What is received by the superior meatus of the nasal cavity?

A

Posterior ethmoidal sinuses

Sphenoid sinus

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4
Q

What is received by the middle meatus of the nasal cavity?

A

Maxillary sinus

Frontal sinus

Anterior ethmoidal sinus

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5
Q

What is received by the nefarious meatus of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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6
Q

What is the parasympathetic/sympathetic innervation of the nasal cavity?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

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7
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the Nasal cavity?

A

Olfactory: CN I

Respiratory area:

CN V1: Anterior ethmoidal nerve (Anterior Septum) and External nasal nerve (Anterior septum)

CN V2: Mucous membrane of nasal septum (Nasopalatine n.) and Laterl Wall (Nasal branch)

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8
Q

What anastomoses in the nasal septum and what is it called?

A

Kisselbach’s plexus:

  • Anterior ethmoidal artery (Ophthalmic)
  • Sphenopalatine artery (Maxillary)
  • Greater Palatine Artery (Maxillary)
  • Septal branch superior labial (Facial)
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9
Q

Frontal Sinus

A
  • Located Superior

- Drains middle nasal meatus via infundibulum

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10
Q

Ethmoidal sinus

A
  • Located medial
  • Separated into two:

Posterior drains superior meatus

Anterior drains medal meatus

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11
Q

Sphenoidal Sinus

A
  • Located Posterior

- Drains into superior nasal meatus

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12
Q

Maxillary sinus

A
  • Located inferior

- Drains into middle nasal meatus

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13
Q

Torus Tubarius

A

Tubal elevation superior to the opening connecting the nasopharyngeal to the auditory tube

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14
Q

Two folds originating from Torus Tubarius

A
  • Salpingopalatine fold

- Salpingopharyngeal fold

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15
Q

Spinal levels of compartments of pharynx

A

Oropharynx - C2-3

Laryngopharynx - C3-6

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16
Q

Nerve supply muscles of pharynx

A

Stylopharyngeus - CN IX

All others - Vagus

17
Q

Cartilages of the larynx

A
  • Thyroid
  • Cricoid
  • Arytenoids
  • Cornicoids
  • Cuneiform
  • Epiglottic
18
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the Larynx

A 
Ü Stylohyoid 
Ü Thyrohyoid 
Ü Mylohyoid 
Ü Digastric 
Ü Stylopharyngeus 
Ü Palatopharyngeus 
Ü Omohyoid 
Ü Sternohyoid 
Ü Sternothyroid
19
Q

Ligaments of Larynx

A

Cricothyroid - Conus elasticus; free edge becomes vocal ligament

Vocal ligament

Ligaments of epiglottis - Hyoepoglottic/thyroepiglottic

20
Q

Intrinsic muscles of larynx

A

Sphincters of the Inlet:

  • Transverse Arytenoid muscles (Adduction)
  • Oblique arytenoid muscles (Adduction)
  • Aryepiglottic muscle (Close inlet)

Rims Glottis:

  • Lateral cricoarytenoids (Adductor)
  • Posterior cricoarytenoids (ABductor)

Regulators of Vocal ligaments:

  • Thyroarytenid (Shorten/relax)
  • Vocalis (Varies tension)
  • Cricothyoid (Tension/adduction of cord)
21
Q

Innervation of Larynx

A

Above Vocal cords - Internal laryngeal nerve

Below Vocal cord - Reccurent laryngeal nerve

22
Q

Reccurent laryngeal nerve damage

A
  • Lung tumor, Aortic aneurysm, or trauma

- Hoarseness is major sign

23
Q

Muscles of the soft palate

A

Muscular uvulae

Levator Veli Palatini

Tensor Veli Palatini

Palatoglossus

Palatopharyngeus

24
Q

Vagal/CN IX damage and soft palate

A

Vagus nerve damage will cause Uvula to deviate to opposite side

CN IX Damage will result in ipsilateral loss of gag reflex

25
Q

Vallecula

A

Space btwn the lateral and median glosspepiglottic folds

26
Q

Innervation of palatoglossus muscle

A

CN X

27
Q

Innervation of Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, and styloglossus

A

CN XII

28
Q

Hypoglossal damage and the tongue

A

When the tongue is protruded, the tip deviates toward the side of the lesion — Ipsilateral atrophy

29
Q

Sensation of the tongue

A

Anterior 2/3:

  • GSS: CN V3 (Lingual nerve)
  • SSS: CN VII (Chordates Tympani nerve)

Posterior 1/3:

  • GSS CN IX
  • SSS CN IX
30
Q

Lymphatics of tongue

A

Anterior 2/3 —> Submental LNs

Posterior 1/3 —> Deep cervical LNs

Gross Anatomy (24 decks)

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