Nose/Paranasal/Larynx/Pharynx Flashcards
Three components Nasal Septum
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Vomer
Septal Cartilage
What are walls of Nasal Cavity?
Floor: Palatine process of maxilla; Palatine Bone
Roof: Nasal Cartilage; Cribriform plate; Phenoid bone
Medial: Nasal Septum
Lateral: Concha/Turbinates
What is received by the superior meatus of the nasal cavity?
Posterior ethmoidal sinuses
Sphenoid sinus
What is received by the middle meatus of the nasal cavity?
Maxillary sinus
Frontal sinus
Anterior ethmoidal sinus
What is received by the nefarious meatus of the nasal cavity?
Nasolacrimal duct
What is the parasympathetic/sympathetic innervation of the nasal cavity?
Pterygopalatine ganglion
What is the sensory innervation of the Nasal cavity?
Olfactory: CN I
Respiratory area:
CN V1: Anterior ethmoidal nerve (Anterior Septum) and External nasal nerve (Anterior septum)
CN V2: Mucous membrane of nasal septum (Nasopalatine n.) and Laterl Wall (Nasal branch)
What anastomoses in the nasal septum and what is it called?
Kisselbach’s plexus:
- Anterior ethmoidal artery (Ophthalmic)
- Sphenopalatine artery (Maxillary)
- Greater Palatine Artery (Maxillary)
- Septal branch superior labial (Facial)
Frontal Sinus
- Located Superior
- Drains middle nasal meatus via infundibulum
Ethmoidal sinus
- Located medial
- Separated into two:
Posterior drains superior meatus
Anterior drains medal meatus
Sphenoidal Sinus
- Located Posterior
- Drains into superior nasal meatus
Maxillary sinus
- Located inferior
- Drains into middle nasal meatus
Torus Tubarius
Tubal elevation superior to the opening connecting the nasopharyngeal to the auditory tube
Two folds originating from Torus Tubarius
- Salpingopalatine fold
- Salpingopharyngeal fold
Spinal levels of compartments of pharynx
Oropharynx - C2-3
Laryngopharynx - C3-6
Nerve supply muscles of pharynx
Stylopharyngeus - CN IX
All others - Vagus
Cartilages of the larynx
- Thyroid
- Cricoid
- Arytenoids
- Cornicoids
- Cuneiform
- Epiglottic
Extrinsic muscles of the Larynx
Ü Stylohyoid Ü Thyrohyoid Ü Mylohyoid Ü Digastric Ü Stylopharyngeus Ü Palatopharyngeus Ü Omohyoid Ü Sternohyoid Ü Sternothyroid
Ligaments of Larynx
Cricothyroid - Conus elasticus; free edge becomes vocal ligament
Vocal ligament
Ligaments of epiglottis - Hyoepoglottic/thyroepiglottic
Intrinsic muscles of larynx
Sphincters of the Inlet:
- Transverse Arytenoid muscles (Adduction)
- Oblique arytenoid muscles (Adduction)
- Aryepiglottic muscle (Close inlet)
Rims Glottis:
- Lateral cricoarytenoids (Adductor)
- Posterior cricoarytenoids (ABductor)
Regulators of Vocal ligaments:
- Thyroarytenid (Shorten/relax)
- Vocalis (Varies tension)
- Cricothyoid (Tension/adduction of cord)
Innervation of Larynx
Above Vocal cords - Internal laryngeal nerve
Below Vocal cord - Reccurent laryngeal nerve
Reccurent laryngeal nerve damage
- Lung tumor, Aortic aneurysm, or trauma
- Hoarseness is major sign
Muscles of the soft palate
Muscular uvulae
Levator Veli Palatini
Tensor Veli Palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Vagal/CN IX damage and soft palate
Vagus nerve damage will cause Uvula to deviate to opposite side
CN IX Damage will result in ipsilateral loss of gag reflex
