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Gross Anatomy > Peritoneal Cavity > Flashcards

Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiate Parietal and visceral peritoneum

A

Parietal: Lines abdominal wall

Visceral: Covers viscera and forms serosa of organs

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2
Q

What do the Mesothelium cells do?

A
  • Secrete capillary fluid which separates the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum
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3
Q

What is a treatment for ascites, and what is important to remember about it?

A

Paracentesis:

  • RLQ or LLQ 2 cm below umbilicus
  • Lateral to rectus sheath to avoid INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC VESSELS
  • Empty bladder
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4
Q

What are the two peritoneal sacs, and where do they lie?

A

Greater Peritoneal Sac - From Thoracic Diaphragm to Pelvic floor

Lesser Peritoneal Sac - Posterior to stomach and Liver

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5
Q

What is Mesentry?

A

double layer of
peritoneum that encloses an
organ and connects it to the
abdominal wall.

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6
Q

What is the Omentum?

A 
doubled-
layered sheet of
peritoneum that attaches
the stomach to the
abdominal wall or other
abdominal organs
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7
Q

What is the Lesser Omentum? What are the two components?

A

Peritoneal sheath which connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to the liver.

The two parts are the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

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8
Q

What structure hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach like an apron and connects stomach to the diaphragm, spleen, and transverse colon?

A

Greater Omentum

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9
Q

What are peritoneal recesses? What are two important ones?

A

Peritoneal folds which form blind pouches which open into the abdominal cavity

Retrocecal recess: As iliocecal junction posterior to cecum which holds the appendix

Uterovesical, rectouterine (Pouch of Douglas)

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10
Q

What is formed by the greater omentum, transverse colon, and mesocolon?

A

n The greater omentun together with the
transverse colon and the mesocolon form a
“shelf” that subdivides the peritoneal cavity
into two compartments:
- Supracolic compartment
- Infracolic compartment

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11
Q

How is the supracolic compartment divided?

A
  • Located above transverse mesocolon
  • Falciform ligament divides compartment into:

Right/Left subphrenic recesses

Right/Left subhepatic recesses

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12
Q

How does fluid accumulate in the abdomen when a patient is supine?

A
  • Infracolic gutters run superiorly and posteriorly

- When fluid accumulates, fluid follow these gutters to the superior part of abdomen when patient is supine

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13
Q

How does the Omental bursa communicate with the main peritoneal cavity?

A
  • Through the mental foramen, epiploic foramen (Foramen Of Winslow), which is Located posteriorly to free edge of lesser omentum
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14
Q

What are the boundaries of the Epiploic Foramen?

A

Anterior: Portal Hepaticus (Portal triad contained in hepatoduodenal ligament)

Posterior: IVC and right Crus of diaphragm

Superiorly: Caudate lobe of liver

Inferiorly: Superior duodenum

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15
Q

How does innervation differ to the perineal layers?

A

Parietal: Phrenic, Thoracolumbar, Suubcostal. And lubosacral plexus nerves

Visceral: insensitive to pain

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16
Q

How are the peritoneal compartments different in mobility of organs?

A

Peritoneal organs: Have Mesenteric and are movable

Retroperitoneal: Partially covered; Immobile or fixed

17
Q

What organs are retroperitoneal?

A
  • Kidney/adrenal glands/Ureter
  • Aorta
  • IVC
  • Anal Canal
18
Q

How is the gut subdivided?

A

Foregut:Esophagus —> end of 2/3 duodenum where bile duct enters

Midgut: 3rd duodenum —> Procimal 2/3 transverse colon

Hindgut: Left Colic flexure —< Anal canal

19
Q

Where does the esophagus enter the stomach typographically?

A

Cardiac orifice posterior to The 7th costal cartilage

20
Q

What fascia separates the peritoneal cavity from the diaphragm?

A

Transversalis fascia

21
Q

What fascia separates the diaphragm from mediastinal cavity?

A

Endothoracic fascia

22
Q

What is the arterial supply for the esophagus? What else is supplied by the same branch?

A

Left Gastric Artery —> Cardioesophageal branch

Supplies cardia and esophagus

23
Q

What is the venous drainage for the esophagus?

A

Azygos veins and Left Gastric Vein (Portal system)

24
Q

What is Achalasia?

A

Motility is order of esophagus where LES fails to relax

*Barium swallow shows characteristic Birds Beta sign

25
Q

Describe the two curves of the stomach.

A

Lesser Curvature: Continuous with right border of esophagus and forms concave border of stomach; Junction of pyloric region and stomach is Incisura angularis (Angular notch)

Greater curvature: Continuous it’s Left border of esophagus

26
Q

Where does the cardiac part o the stomach lie topographically?

A

Posterior or the 7th left CC 2-4 cm from median plane at level T11

27
Q

Where does the fundus of stomach lie topographically?

A

Posterior to the 5th rib in mid clavicular plane

28
Q

Where does the pyloric lie topographically?

A

While Supine, Pylorus lies at 9th CC at L1; 1.25 cm right of midline.

*Erect position it varies from L2-L4

29
Q

What is the arterial supply for the stomach?

A

Left Gastric

Common Hepatic

  • > Right Gastric
  • > Gastroduodenal

Splenic artery:
—> left gastro-omental
—> Short gastric

30
Q

Which if the following is not a direct branch off the celiac trunk?

A. Common hepatic
B. Right gastric
C. Left Gastric
D. Splenic

A

B. Right Gastric

31
Q

What is the blood supply to the pylorus of the stomach?

A

Right Gastric Artery

32
Q

What are the two types of Esophageal hiatal hernias? Which is more common?

A

Sliding Hiatus - More common

Paraesophagial

33
Q

What s the nerve supply to the stomach?

A

PSNS - Vagus

SNS - Celiac trunk and greater splanchnic (T5-T9)

34
Q

What is the Suspensory ligament of Treitz?

A

The ligament of Treitz is a musculofibrous band that extends from the upper aspect of the ascending part of the duodenum to the right crus of the diaphragm and tissue around the celiac trunk.

35
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum in Ryder starting from the part that attaches to the stomach?

A

Superior —> Descending—> Horizontal —> Ascending

36
Q

What is the Sphincter of Oddi? Ampulla of Vater?

A

Sphincter of Oddi —> Sphincter of the Heptopancreatic ampulla

Ampulla of Vater —> Hepatopancreatic ampulla

37
Q

What is the major arterial supply to the duodenum?

A
  • Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery via Common Hepatic Artery of Celiac trunk
  • SMA via inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
38
Q

How does the jejunum compare to the Ileum characteristically?

A

Jejunum:

  • Deep Red
  • Thick and Heavy
  • Greater vascularity
  • Long Vesa Recta
  • Few Large loops

Ileum:

  • Pale pink
  • Tin and light
  • Less vascularity
  • Short VESA Recta
  • Many short loops

Gross Anatomy (24 decks)

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