Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards
Differentiate Parietal and visceral peritoneum
Parietal: Lines abdominal wall
Visceral: Covers viscera and forms serosa of organs
What do the Mesothelium cells do?
- Secrete capillary fluid which separates the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum
What is a treatment for ascites, and what is important to remember about it?
Paracentesis:
- RLQ or LLQ 2 cm below umbilicus
- Lateral to rectus sheath to avoid INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC VESSELS
- Empty bladder
What are the two peritoneal sacs, and where do they lie?
Greater Peritoneal Sac - From Thoracic Diaphragm to Pelvic floor
Lesser Peritoneal Sac - Posterior to stomach and Liver
What is Mesentry?
double layer of
peritoneum that encloses an
organ and connects it to the
abdominal wall.
What is the Omentum?
doubled- layered sheet of peritoneum that attaches the stomach to the abdominal wall or other abdominal organs
What is the Lesser Omentum? What are the two components?
Peritoneal sheath which connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to the liver.
The two parts are the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments
What structure hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach like an apron and connects stomach to the diaphragm, spleen, and transverse colon?
Greater Omentum
What are peritoneal recesses? What are two important ones?
Peritoneal folds which form blind pouches which open into the abdominal cavity
Retrocecal recess: As iliocecal junction posterior to cecum which holds the appendix
Uterovesical, rectouterine (Pouch of Douglas)
What is formed by the greater omentum, transverse colon, and mesocolon?
n The greater omentun together with the
transverse colon and the mesocolon form a
“shelf” that subdivides the peritoneal cavity
into two compartments:
- Supracolic compartment
- Infracolic compartment
How is the supracolic compartment divided?
- Located above transverse mesocolon
- Falciform ligament divides compartment into:
Right/Left subphrenic recesses
Right/Left subhepatic recesses
How does fluid accumulate in the abdomen when a patient is supine?
- Infracolic gutters run superiorly and posteriorly
- When fluid accumulates, fluid follow these gutters to the superior part of abdomen when patient is supine
How does the Omental bursa communicate with the main peritoneal cavity?
- Through the mental foramen, epiploic foramen (Foramen Of Winslow), which is Located posteriorly to free edge of lesser omentum
What are the boundaries of the Epiploic Foramen?
Anterior: Portal Hepaticus (Portal triad contained in hepatoduodenal ligament)
Posterior: IVC and right Crus of diaphragm
Superiorly: Caudate lobe of liver
Inferiorly: Superior duodenum
How does innervation differ to the perineal layers?
Parietal: Phrenic, Thoracolumbar, Suubcostal. And lubosacral plexus nerves
Visceral: insensitive to pain
How are the peritoneal compartments different in mobility of organs?
Peritoneal organs: Have Mesenteric and are movable
Retroperitoneal: Partially covered; Immobile or fixed
What organs are retroperitoneal?
- Kidney/adrenal glands/Ureter
- Aorta
- IVC
- Anal Canal
How is the gut subdivided?
Foregut:Esophagus —> end of 2/3 duodenum where bile duct enters
Midgut: 3rd duodenum —> Procimal 2/3 transverse colon
Hindgut: Left Colic flexure —< Anal canal
Where does the esophagus enter the stomach typographically?
Cardiac orifice posterior to The 7th costal cartilage
What fascia separates the peritoneal cavity from the diaphragm?
Transversalis fascia
What fascia separates the diaphragm from mediastinal cavity?
Endothoracic fascia
What is the arterial supply for the esophagus? What else is supplied by the same branch?
Left Gastric Artery —> Cardioesophageal branch
Supplies cardia and esophagus
What is the venous drainage for the esophagus?
Azygos veins and Left Gastric Vein (Portal system)
What is Achalasia?
Motility is order of esophagus where LES fails to relax
*Barium swallow shows characteristic Birds Beta sign
