Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

aNeuro exam 4: Lindsey's > The Frontal Lobes and the Hippocampus > Flashcards

The Frontal Lobes and the Hippocampus Flashcards

1
Q

What NTs can help reorganize the cortex to pair associations?

A
  • ACh
  • NE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where do the axons from the subiculum project to?

A

back to the entorhinal area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What area is lesioned to produce these results?

  • inability to employ intention (goals)
  • inability to modulate attention (task at hand) –>
    • failure to switch attention appropriately (perseveration)
    • OR requires environmental cues to accomplish tasks (environmental dependency)
A

the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The hippocampus is important for the creation and consolodation of memory, which critically involves _____.

A

sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The stimulation of the _____ causes a variety of autonomic and limbic responses, including changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, as well as vocalizations and facial expressions.

A

anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the perforant path?

A

entrorhinal cells –> dentate gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) aka orbitofrontal cortex projects to which part of the basal ganglia?

A

nucleus accumbens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the hippocampus’ role in memory?

A
  • episodic memory
  • spatial memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The dentate gyrus and the hippocampus consist of _____ layers.

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If the hippocampus builds the train tracks to connect the brain, the prefrontal cortex ______.

A

operates the track switches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A
  • episodic memory
  • spatial memory
  • searching for items
  • associative networking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

EEG signals in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) increase as ________.

A

attentional demands of task increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The ventromedial (VMPFC) aka orbitofrontal cortex projects to which part of the basal ganglia?

A

the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

EEG signals in the ______ increase as attentional demands of task increase.

A

anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does it mean that the hippocampus can undergo pattern completion?

A

it can use one fragment of information to retreive lots of related information (like Google)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The granule cells are the major cell type of the _____, while the pyramidal cells are the major cell type of the ______.

A
  • granule = dentate gyrus
  • pyramidal = hippocampus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the ventromedial (VMPFC) aka orbitofrontal cortex?

A
  • enhancement and inhibition of sensory inputs
  • internal states (emotional control)
  • motor control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the sensory-motor part of the basal ganglia?

A

the putamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are grid cells located in the brain? What do they do?

A
  • the entorhinal cortex
  • allow understanding of your position in space –> form place fields
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) receives inputs from ____, ____, and ______ sources.

A
  • olfactory
  • gustatory
  • visceral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The outputs of the ______ are to the premotor cortex and to the somatosensory association cortices.

A

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The ____ is crucial for the formation of declarative or episodic memory (memory of facts or events).

A

hippocampus

23
Q

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) receives inputs predominantly from somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortical association areas in the _______ lobes.

A

parietal, occipital, and temporal

24
Q

The _____ cells project onto _____ cells via Schaeffer collaterals.

A

CA3 –> CA1

25
Q

The CA3 cells project to the CA1 cells and also onto _____.

A

themselves and their neighbors (an autoassociative loop)

26
Q

What does a lesion to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) cause?

A
  • inability to employ intention (goals)
  • inability to modulate attention (task at hand) –>
    • failure to switch attention appropriately (perseveration)
    • OR requires environmental cues to accomplish tasks (environmental dependency)
27
Q

The ______ receives inputs from olfactory, gustatory, and visceral sources.

A

the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) aka orbitofrontal cortex

28
Q

Where are place cells located in the brain? What do they do?

A
  • the hippocampus
  • generate a map of spatial environments for navigation (an inner GPS)
29
Q

The ______ receives inputs predominantly from somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortical association areas in the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.

A

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)

30
Q

Why is the hippocampus so good at generating associations among stimuli?

A

it uses LTP

31
Q

Lesions to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) aka orbitofrontal cortex usually cause?

A
  • inability to estimate risk/reward associated with behaviors (poor Iowa gambling task performance)
  • inadequate inhibition of aggression, sexual behavior, anxiety, and appetitive functions (socially inappropriate)
32
Q

The hippocampus is important for the creation and _______ of memory, which critically involves sleep.

A

consolodation

33
Q

What happens when the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is lesioned?

A
  • abulia, or lack of will –> akinetic mutism (completely akinetic and mute in some cases)
  • poor motivation
  • apathy syndrome
34
Q

The outputs of the DLPFC are to the _____ and to the ______.

A

premotor cortex; somatosensory association cortices

35
Q

What is the hippocampal formation?

A

3 regions:

  1. the dentate gyrus
  2. the hippocampus (also known as Ammon’s Horn)
  3. the subiculum (the transition zone between the 3 layered hippocampus and the 6 layered entorhinal cortex)
36
Q

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) projects to which part of the basal ganglia?

A

the caudate

37
Q

The ______ cells are the major cell type of the dentate gyrus, while the _______ cells are the major cell type of the hippocampus.

A
  • granule = dentate gyrus
  • pyramidal = hippocampus
38
Q

The _____ uses places, objects, face information, and temporal information to make memories and integrations.

A

hippocampus

39
Q

The CA3 cells project onto CA1 cells via ______.

A

Schaeffer collaterals

40
Q

What is the main input to the hippocampus?

A

the entorhinal area

41
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the prefrontal cortex?

A
  1. dorsolateral (DLPFC)
  2. ventromedial (VMPFC) aka orbitofrontal cortex
  3. anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
42
Q

The CA1 cells project onto the _____, which is the output of the hippocampus.

A

subiculum

43
Q

What happens during sleep that makes memories independent of the hippocampus?

A

coordinate replay of the memory

44
Q

The primary motor cortex (BAs 4) and the supplementary motor cortex (BA 6) project to which part of the basal ganglia?

A

the putamen

45
Q

What area is lesioned to produce these results?

  • abulia, or lack of will –> akinetic mutism (completely akinetic and mute in some cases)
  • poor motivation
  • apathy syndrome
A

the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)

46
Q

entrorhinal cells –> dentate gyrus –> _____

A

CA3 mossy fibers

47
Q

What area is lesioned to produce these results?

  • inability to estimate risk/reward associated with behaviors (poor Iowa gambling task performance)
  • inadequate inhibition of aggression, sexual behavior, anxiety, and appetitive functions (socially inappropriate)
A

the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) aka orbitofrontal cortex

48
Q

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) receives inputs predominantly from ______ in the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.

A

somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortical association areas

49
Q

The hippocampus integrates parallel streams of spatial and nonspatial information at the _____ cells.

A

CA3

50
Q

There are two major inputs to the hippocampal formation: the _____ and the _____.

A
  • the entorhinal cortex
  • the septal nucleus
51
Q

The ______ is active when you have a conflict in your attention and you need to make an effort to focus.

A

anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)

52
Q

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) projects to which part of the basal ganglia?

A

both the caudate AND the nucleus accumbens

53
Q

The ______ receives strong inputs from the basal amygdaloid complex and the parahippocampal cortices.

A

the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) aka orbitofrontal cortex

aNeuro exam 4: Lindsey's (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions