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aNeuro exam 4: Lindsey's > Neuro Review- First Aid- pg 486-end > Flashcards

Neuro Review- First Aid- pg 486-end Flashcards

1
Q

Worse headache of life = ?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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2
Q

How do you treat essential and familial tremors?

A

beta-blockers (propranolol)

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3
Q

Dx?

  • bilateral HA greater than 30 min duration (usu. 4-6 hrs)
  • steady pain
  • NO photophonia, phonophobia, or aura
  • Tx = analgesics, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, amitriptyline
A

tension HA

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4
Q
  • 5HT 1b/1d agonist
  • inhibits trigeminal nerve activation
  • induces vasoconstriction
  • tx for acute migraines and cluster HAs
  • SEs = coronary vasospasm
A

sumpatriptan

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5
Q

succinylcholine

A
  • ACh receptor agonist
  • produces sustained depol –> prevents muscle contraction
  • SEs = hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia
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6
Q

tension HA

A
  • bilateral HA
  • greater than 30 min duration (usu. 4-6 hrs)
  • steady pain
  • NO photophonia, phonophobia, or aura
  • Tx = analgesics, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, amitriptyline
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7
Q

______ is due to a loss of dopaminergic neurons and excess cholinergic activity.

A

Parkinsons disease

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8
Q

What does sumatriptan treat?

A
  • cluster HAs
  • migraine abortion
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9
Q
  • ACh receptor agonist
  • produces sustained depol –> prevents muscle contraction
  • SEs = hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia
A

succinylcholine

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10
Q

What is a cingulate (subfalcine) herniation?

A
  • under falx cerebri
  • can compress ACA
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11
Q

Parkinsons disease is due to a loss of _____ and excess ______.

A

dopaminergic neurons; cholinergic activity

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12
Q

cluster HA

A
  • unilateral
  • 15min-3 hrs, repetitive
  • excrutiating periorbital pain
  • lacrimation and rhinorrhea
  • may induce Horner syndrome
  • males
  • tx = O2, sumatriptan
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13
Q

prevents the release of Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle

A

dantrolene

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14
Q
  • increases DA levels in the brain
  • can cross the BBB
  • given with carbidopa to limit peripheral SEs
  • tx for Parkinson’s
  • SEs = arrhythmias, dyskinesia, akinesia
A

L-dopa

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15
Q

Tx?

  • malignant hyperthermia
  • neuroleptic malignant syndrome
A

dantrolene

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16
Q

Dx?

  • unilateral HA
  • 15min-3 hrs, repetitive
  • excrutiating periorbital pain
  • lacrimation and rhinorrhea
  • may induce Horner syndrome
  • males
  • tx = O2, sumatriptan
A

cluster HA

17
Q
  • medial temporal lobe herniation –> compression of ipsilateral CNIII (blown pupil, down and out gaze)
  • ipsilateral PCA
  • contralateral crus cerebri (ipsilateral paralysis)
A

uncal herniation

18
Q

What is an uncal herniation?

A
  • medial temporal lobe herniation –> compression of ipsilateral CNIII (blown pupil, down and out gaze)
  • ipsilateral PCA
  • contralateral crus cerebri (ipsilateral paralysis)
19
Q

What does dantrolene treat?

A
  • malignant hyperthermia
  • neuroleptic malignant syndrome
20
Q
  • herniation under falx cerebri
  • can compress ACA
A

cingulate (subfalcine) herniation

21
Q

What is the mneumonic for migraine HAs?

A

POUND

  • p = pulsatile
  • o = one-day duration
  • u = unilateral
  • n = nausea
  • d = disabling
22
Q

L-dopa

A
  • increases DA levels in the brain
  • can cross the BBB
  • given with carbidopa to limit peripheral SEs
  • tx for Parkinson’s
  • SEs = arrhythmias, dyskinesia, akinesia
23
Q

Name a tx for Huntingon’s disease that is a DA receptor antagonist.

A

Haloperidol

24
Q

What do drugs ending in -curonium do?

A

they’re competitive antagonists for ACh receptors

25
Q

How does dantrolene work?

A

prevents the release of Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle

26
Q

What’s the difference btw a cluster HA and trigeminal neuralgia?

A

duration!

  • trigeminal neuralgia = repetitive shooting pain on CNV distribution that last less than 1 min
  • cluster HA = greater than 15 mins
27
Q

Dx?

  • unilateral HA
  • 4-72hrs
  • pulsating pain
  • nausea, photophonia, phonophonia, +/- aura
  • caused by irritated CNV, meninges, or BVs
  • abortive tx = triptains, NSAIDs
  • prophylactic tx = propranolol, topiramate, Ca++ channel blockers, amitriptyline
A

migraine HA

28
Q

How is ACh receptor blockade reversed?

A
  • neostigmine + atropine
  • edrophonium
  • other cholinesterase inhibitors
29
Q

sumpatriptan

A
  • 5HT 1b/1d agonist
  • inhibits trigeminal nerve activation
  • induces vasoconstriction
  • tx for acute migraines and cluster HAs
  • SEs = coronary vasospasm
30
Q

What is amantadine?

A
  • increases DA release
  • tx for Parkinsons
31
Q

migraine HA

A
  • unilateral HA
  • 4-72hrs
  • pulsating pain
  • nausea, photophonia, phonophonia, +/- aura
  • caused by irritated CNV, meninges, or BVs
  • abortive tx = triptains, NSAIDs
  • prophylactic tx = propranolol, topiramate, Ca++ channel blockers, amitriptyline

aNeuro exam 4: Lindsey's (37 decks)

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