Antiseizure Medications Flashcards
Name 4 drugs that inhibit VSSC to treat tonic-clonic seizures.
phenytoin
carbamezapine
lamotrigine
topiramate
What promotes the spread of abnormal neuronal activity in seizures?
Enhancement of excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamate)
deficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA)
Name the 2 types of generalized seizures.
tonic-clonic (grand mal)
absence
Name the 3 types of partial seizures.
simple partial
complex partial
secondary generalized
What is a partial seizure?
sz with a focal beginning
What is a generalized seizure?
sz without a focal beginning
What is a tonic clonic/grand mal sz?
EEG = high amplitude spikes; 15-40 cycles/sec
loss of postural control
LOC
tonic phase (rigid extension) –> clonic phase (contraction)
loss of GABA inhibitory tone, propagation
due to decreased GABA tone over large area / increased response to glutamate / Na+-
channel excitation
EEG = high amplitude spikes; 15-40 cycles/sec
loss of postural control
LOC
tonic phase (rigid extension) –> clonic phase (contraction)
loss of GABA inhibitory tone, propagation
due to decreased GABA tone over large area / increased response to glutamate / Na+-
channel excitation
tonic clonic/grand mal sz
What is an absence/petit mal sz?
childhood –> age 20
EEG = 3 cycles/sec
staring spells
oscillatory stimulation of thalamic-cortical circuitry;
inappropriate activation of low-threshold T-type Ca++ channels
childhood –> age 20
EEG = 3 cycles/sec
staring spells
oscillatory stimulation of thalamic-cortical circuitry;
inappropriate activation of low-threshold T-type Ca++ channels
absence/petit mal sz
What is a simple partial sz?
NO LOC
usually of cortical origin in restricted region (focal start)
NO LOC
usually of cortical origin in restricted region (focal start)
simple partial sz
What is a complex partial sz?
sz with LOC
Involves limbic as well as temporal / frontal cortex (emotional)
sz with LOC
Involves limbic as well as temporal / frontal cortex (emotional)
complex partial sz
Are generalized or partial sz’s more difficult to treat?
partial
Name 3 drugs for treating generalized tonic-clonic sz’s.
Valproic acid OR
Lamotrigine OR
Levetiracetam
Name 3 drugs for treating partial sz’s.
Carbamazepine (or Oxcarbazepine) OR
Lamotrigine OR
Levetiracetam
Name 2 drugs for treating absence sz’s.
ethosuxamide OR
valproic acid
Name 3 drugs for treating Atypical Absence, Myoclonic, Atonic sz’s.
Valproic acid OR
Lamotrigine OR
Levetiracetam
What is status epilepticus?
state of recurrent major motor seizures between which patient does not regain consciousness
untreated –> death in 5-20%of patients from respiratory arrest or circulatory collapse
state of recurrent major motor seizures between which patient does not regain consciousness
untreated –> death in 5-20%of patients from respiratory arrest or circulatory collapse
status epilepticus
Which 2 antiseizure drugs have the highest risk of fetal malformations?
Valproate and phenobarbital
____, ____, and ____ can cause vitamin K deficiency and hemorrhage in a newborn.
Phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital
Phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital can cause _____ and ______ in a newborn.
vitamin K deficiency and hemorrhage
