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aNeuro exam 4: Lindsey's > Neuro Review- First Aid- pg 456-461 > Flashcards

Neuro Review- First Aid- pg 456-461 Flashcards

1
Q
  • S/s: nonfluent aphasia with intact comprehension
  • Lesion location: ?
A

Broca’s area

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2
Q
  • s/s: intention tremor, limb ataxia, loss of balance, ipsilateral defects, fall towards side of lesion
  • Lesion location: ?
A

cerebellar hemisphere

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3
Q

What does a lesion to the cerebellar hemisphere result in?

A
  • intention tremor
  • limb ataxia
  • loss of balance
  • ipsilateral defects
  • fall towards side of lesion
  • “hemispheres are laterally located- affect lateral limbs”
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4
Q
  • s/s: truncal ataxia; dysarthria
  • Lesion location: ?
A

cerebellar vermis

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5
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area? What does a Wernicke’s area lesion cause?

A
  • superior temporal gyrus of temporal lobe
  • fluent aphasia, impaired comprehension and repetition
  • “Wernicke’s is Wordy but makes no sense. Wernicke’s = what?”
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6
Q

central pontine myelinolysis

A
  • overly rapid correction of hyponatremia –> osmotic forces and edema –> massive demyelination in pontine white matter tracts
  • acute paralysis
  • dysarthria
  • dysphagia
  • diplopia
  • LOC
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7
Q
  • s/s: disinhibition; poor concentration, orientation, and judgement; reemergence of primitive reflexes
  • lesion location: ?
A

frontal lobe

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8
Q

What does a lesion to the left parietal-temporal cortex result in?

A
  • agraphia (can’t write)
  • acalculia (can’t do simple math)
  • finger agnosia (can’t name/ID each digit)
  • left-right disorientation
  • “Gerstmann syndrome”
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9
Q

What does a lesion to the subthalamic nucleus result in?

A

contralateral hemiballismus (limb flailing)

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10
Q

What does a lesion to the amygdala (bilateral) result in? What can cause this?

A
  • Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibition)
  • associated with HSV-1
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11
Q

What does a lesion to the frontal eye fields result in?

A

eyes look towards the lesion

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12
Q

Dx?

  • nonfluent aphasia
  • impaired comprehension
  • damage to both Broca’s AND Wernicke’s area
A

global aphasia

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13
Q

What does a lesion to the right parietal-temporal cortex result in?

A

spatial neglect syndrome

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14
Q

What does a lesion of Wernicke’s area cause in each hemisphere?

A
  • dominant (usually left) = aphasia
  • nondominant (usually right) = hemineglect
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15
Q
  • s/s: Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibition)
  • Lesion location: ?
A

amygdala (bilateral)

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16
Q

Dx?

  • poor repetition
  • fluent speech
  • intact comprehension
  • damage to left superior temporal lobe and/or left supramarginal gyrus
  • *** can’t repeat phrases such as “no if, ands, or buts”
A

conduction aphasia

17
Q
  • s/s: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia, memory loss (anterograde and retrograde amnesia), confabulation (making up stories and memories, but not lying bc there’s no intent), personality changes; thiamine (B1) deficiency
  • Lesion location: ?
A

mammillary bodies (bilateral)

18
Q

Where is Broca’s area? What does a Broca’s area lesion cause?

A
  • inferior frontal gyrus of frontal lobe
  • nonfluent aphasia with intact comprehension
  • “Broca Broken Boca”
19
Q

What is global aphasia? What causes it?

A
  • nonfluent aphasia
  • impaired comprehension
  • damage to both Broca’s AND Wernicke’s area
20
Q
  • S/s: nonfluent aphasia with impaired comprehension
  • Lesion location: ?
A

both Broca’s AND Wernicke’s area

21
Q

Dx?

  • overly rapid correction of hyponatremia –> osmotic forces and edema –> massive demyelination in pontine white matter tracts
  • acute paralysis
  • dysarthria
  • dysphagia
  • diplopia
  • LOC
A

central pontine myelinolysis

22
Q
  • s/s: tremor at rest; chorea; athetosis (slow, writhing mvmts); Parkinson’s disease
  • Lesion location: ?
A

basal ganglia

23
Q

What is conduction aphasia? What causes it?

A
  • poor repetition
  • fluent speech
  • intact comprehension
  • damage to left superior temporal lobe and/or left supramarginal gyrus
  • *** can’t repeat phrases such as “no if, ands, or buts”
24
Q

What does a lesion to the reticular activating system (RAS-midbrain) result in?

A

reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (coma)

25
Q
  • S/s: fluent aphasia with impaired comprehension and repetition
  • Lesion location: ?
A

Wernicke’s area

26
Q

What does a lesion to the frontal lobe result in?

A
  • disinhibition
  • poor concentration
  • poor orientation
  • poor judgement
  • reemergence of primitive reflexes
27
Q
  • s/s: eyes look away from side of lesion
  • Lesion location: ?
A

paramedian pontine reticular formation

28
Q
  • s/s: eyes look towards the lesion
  • Lesion location: ?
A

frontal eye fields

29
Q

What does a lesion to the mammillary bodies (bilateral) result in?

A
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
  • confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia, memory loss (anterograde and retrograde amnesia)
  • confabulation (production of fabricated, distorted or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world, without the conscious intention to deceive –> not lying bc it’s not purposeful)
  • personality changes
  • thiamine (B1) deficiency
30
Q

What does a lesion to the paramedian pontine reticular formation result in?

A

eyes look away from side of lesion

31
Q
  • s/s: contralateral hemiballismus (limb flailing)
  • Lesion location: ?
A

subthalamic nucleus

32
Q
  • s/s: anterograde amnesia; inability to make new memories
  • Lesion location: ?
A

hippocampus (bilateral)

33
Q
  • s/s: reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (coma)
  • lesion location: ?
A

reticular activating system (RAS- midbrain)

34
Q
  • s/s: spatial neglect syndrome
  • lesion location: ?
A

right parietal-temporal cortex

35
Q

What does a lesion to the hippocampus (bilateral) result in?

A
  • anterograde amnesia
  • inability to make new memories
36
Q
  • s/s: agraphia (can’t write); acalculia (can’t do simple math); finger agnosia (can’t name/ID each digit); left-right disorientation –> Gerstmann syndrome
  • lesion location: ?
A

left parietal-temporal cortex

37
Q

What does a lesion to the cerebellar vermis result in?

A
  • truncal ataxia
  • dysarthria
  • “vermis is centrally located- affects central body”
38
Q

What does a lesion to the basal ganglia result in?

A
  • tremor at rest
  • chorea
  • athetosis (slow, writhing mvmts)
  • Parkinson’s disease

aNeuro exam 4: Lindsey's (37 decks)

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