Neuro Review- First Aid- pg 4-449

Question 1

• support, repair
• K+ metabolism
• removal of excess NTs
• help make BBB
• GFAP marker
• derived from neuroectoderm
• reactive gliosis in response to neural injury

Answer 1

astrocytes

Question 2

What makes myelin?

Answer 2

• CNS = oligodendrocytes
• PNS = Schwann cells

Question 3

oligodendrocyte

Answer 3

• myelinate axons in CNS- each one does many (30ish)
• predominant in white matter
• derived from neuroectoderm
• “fried egg” on H and E stain
• injured in MS, PML, and leukodystrophies

Question 4

• myelinate axons in CNS- each one does many (30ish)
• predominant in white matter
• derived from neuroectoderm
• “fried egg” on H and E stain
• injured in MS, PML, and leukodystrophies

Answer 4

oligodendrocyte

Question 5

Dx?

• type of scwannoma
• CN VIII (8)
• bilateral = neurofibromatosis type 2

Answer 5

acoustic neuroma

Question 6

CNs of taste?

Answer 6

VII, IX, X (7, 9, 10- solitary nucleus)

Question 7

• for pain and temp
• C = slow, unmyelinated
• Adelta = fast, myelinated

Answer 7

free nerve endings

Question 8

CN of motor to tongue?

Answer 8

XII (12)

Question 9

• large
• myelinated
• adapt quickly
• deep skin layers, ligaments, joints
• vibration/pressure

Answer 9

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 10

• large
• myelinated
• adapt slowly
• pressure/deep static touch/position sense

Answer 10

Merkel discs

Question 11

Each Schwann cell myelinates ____.

Answer 11

1 PNS axon

Question 12

syringomyelia

Answer 12

• cystic cavity in spinal cord
• damages commissural fibers first
• “cape-like” bilateral loss of pain and temp sensation in upper extremities
• most common C8-T1
• Chiari 1 malformation
• HAs and cerebellar symptoms

Question 13

What destroys Schwann cells?

Answer 13

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Question 14

Merkel discs

Answer 14

• large
• myelinated
• adapt slowly
• pressure/deep static touch/position sense

Question 15

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Answer 15

autoimmune Schwann cell destruction

rapid onset muscle weakness, sensory abnormalities in distal extremities

Question 16

degeneration distal to the injury and axonal retraction proximally –> potential PNS axon regeneration

Answer 16

Wallerian degeneration

Question 17

Where do Schwann cells derive from?

Answer 17

neural crest cells

Question 18

Meissner corpuscles

Answer 18

• large
• unmyelinated
• adapt quickly
• hairless skin
• fine touch/position

Question 19

Wallerian degeneration

Answer 19

degeneration distal to the injury and axonal retraction proximally –> potential PNS axon regeneration

Question 20

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 20

• large
• myelinated
• adapt quickly
• deep skin layers, ligaments, joints
• vibration/pressure

Question 21

astrocytes

Answer 21

• support, repair
• K+ metabolism
• removal of excess NTs
• help make BBB
• GFAP marker
• derived from neuroectoderm
• reactive gliosis in response to neural injury

Question 22

Dx?

• cystic cavity in spinal cord
• damages commissural fibers first
• “cape-like” bilateral loss of pain and temp sensation in upper extremities
• most common C8-T1
• Chiari 1 malformation
• HAs and cerebellar symptoms

Answer 22

syringomyelia

Question 23

• CNS phagocytes
• mesodermal origin
• small, irregular nuclei and little cytoplasm
• part of mononuclear phagocyte system
• HIV infected fuse –> giant CNS cells

Answer 23

microglia

Question 24

free nerve endings

Answer 24

• for pain and temp
• C = slow, unmyelinated
• Adelta = fast, myelinated

Question 25

acoustic neuroma

Answer 25

• type of scwannoma
• CN VIII (8)
• bilateral = neurofibromatosis type 2

Question 26

• large
• unmyelinated
• adapt quickly
• hairless skin
• fine touch/position

Answer 26

Meissner corpuscles

Question 27

microglia

Answer 27

• CNS phagocytes
• mesodermal origin
• small, irregular nuclei and little cytoplasm
• part of mononuclear phagocyte system
• HIV infected fuse –> giant CNS cells