Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

aNeuro exam 4: Lindsey's > Drugs to know > Flashcards

Drugs to know Flashcards

1
Q
  • CNS stimulant
  • agonist at nicotinic neuronal receptor
  • some people have a gene that impairs metabolism, protecting them addiction
  • use common in schizo
A

Nicotine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • benzo
  • *** for status epilepticus via slow IVP
  • *** for seizures in CNS stimulant OD
  • *** for anti-anxiety
  • adjunctive in atonic and absence szs
  • tolerance develops
  • long half life
  • rapid oral but poor IM
A

Diazepam (Valium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • blocks voltage dependent sodium channels (VSSC)
  • reduces repetitive sz firing
  • good for tonic-clonic and partial sz’s
  • food enhances absorption and reduces GI upset
  • *** Strong inducer of P450
  • nystagmus
  • additive to other CNS depressants
  • rash
  • *** gingival hyperplasia
  • OD = death
  • inhibited by valproic acid
  • vitamin K deficiency in newborn
A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

A
  • CNS stimulant for ADHD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Divalproex (Depakote)

A
  • anti-mania
  • rapid loading
  • a lot like valproic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

A
  • TCAD
  • anti-M (blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, fuzzy thinking, aggravates glaucoma, paralytic ileus, delirium)
  • anti-adrenergic SEs
  • weight gain
  • sexual dysfunction
  • Orthostatic hypotension (α1 blockade)
  • OD = BAD! sudden cardiac death, sz’s
  • ***highly sedating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A
  • benzo
  • *** for status epilepticus via slow IVP
  • *** for seizures in CNS stimulant OD
  • *** for anti-anxiety
  • adjunctive in atonic and absence szs
  • tolerance develops
  • long half life
  • rapid oral but poor IM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • antagonist at the benzodiazepine binding site –> reverse CNS effects of benzos (OD or for to hasten surgery recovery)
A

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Mixed postsynaptic antagonist-serotonin reuptake inhibitor
  • ***very strong sedative – good for sleep aid in depressed pts
  • dizziness, nausea, agitation
  • orthostasis (via alpha-adrenergic blockade), ESP IN ELDERLY
  • priapism
  • OD = minor problems
A

Trazodone (Desyrel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • atypical antipsychotic
  • tx of negative symptoms
  • ***agranulocytosis
  • ***hypersalivation
  • *** lowers sz threshold
  • weight gain
  • try other drugs first!
A

Clozapine (Clozaril)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ramelteon (Rozerem)

A
  • Agonist at melatonin MT1 and MT2 (superchiasmatic nucleus of the thalamus)
  • induces sleep and regulates circadian rhythms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nitrous oxide

A
  • inorganic gas (volatile) inhaled general anesthetic
  • low potency (MAC = 105%)
  • adjunctive agent
  • analgesic and anxiolytic
  • rapid onset and recovery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Heroin

A
  • Opioid agonist
  • Naltrexone (Revia) and Buprenorphine (Subutex) block reinforcing effects but don’t change cravings
  • death by respiratory depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A
  • blocks voltage dependent sodium channels (VSSC)
  • suppresses repetitive AP
  • *** Strong inducer of P450
  • dosed 2-3x daily
  • *** tx for partial sz and mania
  • inhibited by valproic acid
  • vitamin K deficiency in newborn
  • diplopia, ataxia, nausea/vomiting, drowsiness,
  • ***hyponatremia
  • *** Stevens-Johnson syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

A
  • BARB
  • enhances GABA inhibition
  • ***inhibits glutamate via antagonism (VSCC)
  • ***valproic acid inhibits this drug!
  • *** causes resp. depression when used with diazepam
  • *** inducer of CYP450
  • irritability
  • sedation
  • ***interferes with learning
  • a tx for partial seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and neonatal status epilepticus
  • *** causes fetal malformations
  • *** vitamin K deficiency in newborns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clozapine (Clozaril)

A
  • atypical antipsychotic
  • tx of negative symptoms
  • ***agranulocytosis
  • ***hypersalivation
  • weight gain
  • try other drugs first!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • atypical antipsychotic
  • ***best tx for bipolar depression
  • sedation
  • weight gain
A

Quetiapine (Seroquel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • BARB
  • enhances GABA inhibition
  • ***inhibits glutamate via antagonism (VSCC)
  • ***valproic acid inhibits this drug!
  • *** causes resp. depression when used with diazepam
  • *** inducer of CYP450
  • irritability
  • sedation
  • ***interferes with learning
  • tx for partial seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and neonatal status epilepticus
  • *** fetal malformations
  • *** vitamin K deficiency in newborns
A

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • binds to and inhibits function of synaptic vesicle protein SV2A in Ca++-mediated neurotransmitter release; VSCC
  • ***tx for grand mal and partial sz
  • No P450 drug metabolism, minimal drug interactions
A

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • TCAD
  • anti-M (blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, fuzzy thinking, aggravates glaucoma, paralytic ileus, delirium)
  • anti-adrenergic SEs
  • weight gain, sexual dysfunction
  • Orthostatic hypotension (α1 blockade)
  • OD = BAD! via sudden cardiac death, sz’s
  • ***highly sedating
A

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • blocks T-type Ca++ channels
  • *** first line for absence sz c
  • omplete metabolism by CYP3A4
  • gastric distress
  • HA
  • dizziness
  • gum hypertrophy
A

Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • benzo
  • long half life
  • minimal tolerance
  • *** can accumulate in elderly/ hepatic problems
  • *** daytime sedation
A

Flurazepam (Dalmane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Escitralopram (Lexapro)

A
  • SSRI
  • no sedation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  • agonist at CB1 receptor
  • can increase heart rate, precipitate seizures in epileptics, increase potential for ketoacidosis in diabetics
  • cognitive impairments
  • withdrawal minimal
  • psychosis (induces and makes existing worse)
  • tx for pain, appetite loss, nausea/vomiting, MS, glaucoma
A

Marijuana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Methamphetamine

A
  • CNS stimulant
  • acts upon locus ceruleus
  • increases NE release
  • reverses DA transporter to release DA
  • makes schizo worse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  • SSRI
  • no sedation
A

Escitralopram (Lexapro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  • NMDA antagonist
  • dissociative anesthetic- IV
  • allows responsivity and reflexes with catatonia, amnesia, and analgesia, esp. in kids
  • worsens schizo
A

ketamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
  • binds to GABA receptor to PROLONG its action AND directly initiates chloride current to depress glu
  • ***induction phase of general anesthesia
  • decrease delta sleep
  • decrease duration of REM
  • high risk of tolerance (fast- 1 week)
  • low safety margin in therapeutic range: antianxiety, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, sedative, and hypnotic
  • *** induce CYP450
  • lethal OD
A

Barbiturates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Zolpidem (Ambien)

A
  • Z drug (binds to alpha-1 subunit of GABA-Cl channel ONLY)
  • half life = 2 hours –> short duration of action
  • ***reduces sleep latency and nocturnal awakenings
  • first line for insomnia
  • minimal tolerance
  • ***no rebound insomnia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
  • benzo
  • short half-life
  • less daytime sedation but + rebound insomnia
  • rapid oral
  • anterograde amnesia
  • confusion
  • bizzare behavior
  • agitation
  • hallucinations
A

Triazolam (Halcion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Clonidine (Catapres)

A
  • α2 adrenergic agonist
  • alleviates symptoms of SNS overactivity (nausea / vomiting, cramps, sweating, tachycardia, and increased blood pressure) that occur during acute OPIOID withdrawal (3-4 doses/day)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Alcohol

A
  • CNS depressant
  • cross-dependence with benzos and barbs
  • enhances GABA activity
  • *** decreases glu at high doses
  • most commonly abused and misused drug in the US
  • metabolized in liver at constant rate
  • moderately rapid tolerance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q
  • Agonist at melatonin MT1 and MT2 (superchiasmatic nucleus of the thalamus)
  • induces sleep and regulates circadian rhythms
A

Ramelteon (Rozerem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
  • typical antipsychotic
  • low potency
  • less EPS but high ANS SEs:
    • anti-M (dry mouth, sedation)
    • α1-blockade (hypotension)
    • antihistamine (sedation)
A

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q
  • CNS stimulant
  • acts upon locus ceruleus
  • increases NE release
  • reverses DA transporter to release DA
  • makes schizo worse
A

Methamphetamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

A
  • antagonist at the benzodiazepine binding site –> reverse CNS effects of benzos (OD or for to hasten surgery recovery)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q
  • SSRI
  • *** inhibits P450 (CYP2D6)
  • longer half life
  • mild sedation
A

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban)

A
  • NDRI and smoking cessasion tx
  • dizziness, dry mouth, tremor, insomnia
  • ***anxiety
  • ***aggravates psychosis
  • ***potential for sz’s
  • *** NO sexual SEs or weight gain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

A
  • SSRI
  • *** inhibits P450 (CYP2D6)
  • longer half life
  • mild sedation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q
  • partial agonist at mu opioid receptor
  • blocks reinforcing effects of heroin
  • no ups and downs
  • lose cravings
A

Buprenorphine (Subutex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Cocaine

A
  • CNS stimulant
  • blocks DA reuptake (and possibly 5HT, NE)
  • makes schizo worse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Buprenorphine (Subutex)

A
  • partial agonist at mu opioid receptor
  • blocks reinforcing effects of heroin
  • no ups and downs
  • lose cravings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Marijuana

A
  • agonist at CB1 receptor
  • can increase heart rate, precipitate seizures in epileptics, increase potential for ketoacidosis in diabetics
  • cognitive impairments
  • withdrawal minimal
  • psychosis (induces and makes existing worse)
  • tx for pain, appetite loss, nausea/vomiting, MS, glaucoma
44
Q

Barbiturates

A
  • binds to GABA receptor to PROLONG its action AND directly initiates chloride current to depress glu
  • ***induction phase of general anesthesia
  • decrease delta sleep
  • decrease duration of REM
  • high risk of tolerance (fast- 1 week)
  • low safety margin
  • in therapeutic range: antianxiety, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, sedative, and hypnotic
  • *** induces CYP450
  • lethal OD
45
Q

Zaleplon (Sonata)

A
  • Z drug (binds to alpha-1 subunit of GABA-Cl channel ONLY)
  • half life = 1 hour –> short duration of action
  • dizziness, HA, somnolence
  • **no rebound insomnia
  • ** decreases time to sleep onset –> sleep aid for middle of the night awakenings
46
Q

Halothane (Fluothane)

A
  • Fluorinated hydrocarbon
  • general anesthetic- inhaled
  • ***high solubility in blood - moderately/high potency (MAC = 0.75%)
  • not good analgesic
  • respiratory and CV failure
  • ***can cause liver damage
  • ***can trigger malignant hyperthermia
47
Q

Amphetamines

A
  • CNS stimulant
  • acts upon locus ceruleus
  • increases NE release
  • reverses DA transporter to release DA
  • makes schizo worse
48
Q

Triazolam (Halcion)

A
  • benzo
  • short half-life
  • less daytime sedation but + rebound insomnia
  • rapid oral
  • anterograde amnesia
  • confusion bizzare
  • behavior
  • agitation
  • hallucination
49
Q
  • blocks VSSC and T-type Ca++ channels –> potentiation of GABA function
  • tx for tonic-clonic sz, partial, absence, atypical sz
  • inhibits metabolism of phenytoin, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, ethosuximide
  • ***fetal malformations
50
Q
  • anti-manic, bipolar depression tx
  • bad taste
  • tremor
  • *** narrow therapeutic window
  • *** diabetes insipidus
  • *** hypothyroidism
  • 10-21 day onset
  • *** diuretics and NSAIDs increase its plasma levels
  • *** increased Na+ decreases its plasma levels
A

Lithium carbonate

51
Q
  • MAOI
  • *** tyramine reaction –> HTN crisis
  • *** postural hypotension
  • OD = BAD! sz, shock, hyperthermia
  • *** good for atypical depression
  • dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, sexual dysfunction, weight gain
A

Phenelzine (Nardil)

52
Q

Benzodiazepines

A
  • binds to GABA receptor to INTENSIFY its action via opening of chloride channels –> raise AP threshold
  • NO induction of general anesthesia
  • sleep and anxiolytic, panic disorder, generalized anxiety, social phobia, anticonvulsant
  • daytime sedation, rebound insomnia
  • performance impairment
  • anterograde amnesia
  • dependence/tolerance (slow)
  • antagonist = Flumazenil (Romazicon)
53
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

A
  • benzo
  • not much to note
54
Q

Methadone

A
  • long acting opioid agonist
  • substitute for heroin to alleviate symptoms (no ups and downs, lose cravings)
55
Q
  • blocks voltage dependent sodium channels (VSSC)
  • suppresses repetitive AP
  • *** Strong inducer of P450
  • dosed 2-3x daily
  • *** tx for partial sz and mania
  • inhibited by valproic acid
  • vitamin K deficiency in newborn
  • diplopia, ataxia, nausea/vomiting, drowsiness
  • ***hyponatremia
  • *** Stevens-Johnson syndrome
A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

56
Q
  • benzo
  • slow oral absorp.
  • intermediate half life
  • less depression of REM sleep
A

Temazepam (Restoril)

57
Q

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

A
  • binds to and inhibits function of synaptic vesicle protein SV2A in Ca++-mediated neurotransmitter release; VSCC
  • ***tx for grand mal and partial sz
  • No P450 drug metabolism, minimal drug interactions
58
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol)

A
  • typical antipsychotic
  • high potency
  • tx of positive symptoms
  • ***high EPS SEs (dystonia, akathisia, pseudoparkinsons, tardive dyskinesias)
59
Q

CNS stimulant for ADHD

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

60
Q
  • Z drug (binds to alpha-1 subunit of GABA-Cl channel ONLY)
  • half life = 1 hour –> short duration of action
  • dizziness, HA, somnolence
  • ***no rebound insomnia
  • *** decreases time to sleep onset –> sleep aid for middle of the night awakenings
A

Zaleplon (Sonata)

61
Q

Temazepam (Restoril)

A
  • benzo
  • slow oral absorp.
  • intermediate half life
  • less depression of REM sleep
62
Q
  • benzo
  • direct metabolism (no P450)
  • short half life
  • *** good for elderly and hepatic dysfunction
  • slow oral absorp., good IM
  • good for EtOH withdrawal, anti-anxiety, status epilepticus
A

Lorazepam (Ativan)

63
Q
  • opioid receptor antagonist
  • blocks reinforcing actions of heroin but has no effect on craving
  • reduces alcohol craving, consumption, and relapse rates when used in combination with psychotherapy
  • can precipitate opioid withdrawal
A

Naltrexone (Revia)

64
Q
  • anti-mania
  • rapid loading
  • a lot like valproic acid
A

Divalproex (Depakote)

65
Q

ketamine

A
  • NMDA antagonist
  • dissociative anesthetic- IV route
  • allows responsivity and reflexes with catatonia, amnesia, and analgesia, esp. in kids
  • worsens schizo
66
Q

Nicotine

A
  • CNS stimulant
  • agonist at nicotinic neuronal receptor
  • some people have a gene that impairs metabolism, protecting them from addiction
  • use common in schizo
67
Q
  • α2 adrenergic agonist
  • alleviates symptoms of SNS overactivity (nausea / vomiting, cramps, sweating, tachycardia, and increased blood pressure) that occur during acute OPIOID withdrawal (3-4 doses/day)
A

Clonidine (Catapres)

68
Q

Oxazepam (Serax)

A
  • benzo
  • direct metabolism (no P450)
  • short half life
  • *** good for elderly and hepatic dysfunction
  • slow oral absorp.
69
Q
  • Z drug (binds to alpha-1 subunit of GABA-Cl channel ONLY)
  • half life = 2 hours –> short duration of action
  • ***reduces sleep latency and nocturnal awakenings
  • first line for insomnia
  • minimal tolerance
  • ***no rebound insomnia
A

Zolpidem (Ambien)

70
Q
  • antagonist at Histamine H1 and muscarinic cholinergic receptors
  • sedation
  • antimuscarinic in elderly
  • *** treatment for acute dystonia (an EPS)
A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

71
Q

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

A
  • inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase (AIDH)
  • causes 5-10x fold increase in acetaldehyde levels –> nausea/vomiting, respiratory and cardiovascular collapse, convulsions
72
Q
  • benzo
  • direct metabolism (no P450)
  • short half life
  • *** good for elderly and hepatic dysfunction
  • slow oral absorp.
A

Oxazepam (Serax)

73
Q
  • SNRI
  • ***HTN
  • ***anxiety
  • *** more rapid withdrawal symptoms
  • nausea, somnolence, sweating, dizziness, sexual dysfunction
A

Venlafaxine (Effexor)

74
Q

Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

A
  • Z drug (binds to alpha-1 subunit of GABA-Cl channel ONLY)
  • half life = 6 hours (long)
  • insomnia tx
  • ***next-day psychomotor impairment
  • *** NO tolerance
75
Q

Trazodone (Desyrel)

A
  • Mixed postsynaptic antagonist-serotonin reuptake inhibitor
  • ***very strong sedative – good for sleep aid in depressed pts
  • dizziness, nausea, agitation
  • orthostasis (via alpha-adrenergic blockade), ESP IN ELDERLY
  • priapism
  • OD = minor problems
76
Q
  • benzo
  • rapid oral absorp.
  • short half-life and effects
  • good for elderly
  • tx for panic disorder, acute anxiety
A

Alprazolam (Xanax)

77
Q

Quetiapine (Seroquel)

A
  • atypical antipsychotic
  • ***best tx for bipolar depression
  • sedation
  • weight gain
78
Q
  • CNS depressant
  • cross-dependence with benzos and barbs
  • enhances GABA activity
  • *** decreases glu at high doses
  • most commonly abused and misused drug in the US
  • metabolized in liver at constant rate
  • moderately rapid tolerance
79
Q
  • NDRI and smoking cessasion tx
  • dizziness, dry mouth, tremor, insomnia
  • ***anxiety
  • ***aggravates psychosis
  • ***potential for sz’s
  • *** NO sexual SEs or weight gain
A

Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban)

80
Q

Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

A
  • blocks T-type Ca++ channels
  • *** first line for absence sz
  • complete metabolism by CYP3A4
  • gastric distress, HA, dizziness, gum hypertrophy
81
Q

Paroxetine (Paxil)

A
  • SSRI
  • short half life
  • *** withdrawal symptoms = flu-like/neurologic
  • *** inhibits P450 (CYP2D6)
  • mild sedation
82
Q

Valproate

A
  • blocks VSSC and T-type Ca++ channels –> potentiation of GABA function
  • tx for tonic-clonic sz, partial, absence, atypical
  • inhibits metabolism of phenytoin, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, ethosuximide
  • ***fetal malformations
83
Q
  • inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase (AIDH)
  • causes 5-10x fold increase in acetaldehyde levels –> nausea/vomiting, respiratory and cardiovascular collapse, convulsions
A

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

84
Q
  • CNS stimulant
  • blocks DA reuptake (and possibly 5HT, NE)
  • makes schizo worse
85
Q
  • Z drug (binds to alpha-1 subunit of GABA-Cl channel ONLY)
  • half life = 6 hours (long)
  • insomnia tx
  • ***next-day psychomotor impairment
  • *** NO tolerance
A

Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

86
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A
  • antagonist at Histamine H1 and muscarinic cholinergic receptors
  • sedation
  • antimuscarinic in elderly
  • *** treatment for acute dystonia (EPS)
87
Q
  • long acting opioid agonist
  • substitute for heroin to alleviate symptoms (no ups and downs, lose cravings)
88
Q
  • binds to GABA receptor to INTENSIFY its action via opening of chloride channels –> raise AP threshold
  • NO induction of general anesthesia
  • sleep and anxiolytic, panic disorder, generalized anxiety, social phobia, anticonvulsant
  • daytime sedation, rebound insomnia
  • performance impairment
  • anterograde amnesia
  • dependence/tolerance (slow)
  • antagonist = Flumazenil (Romazicon)
A

Benzodiazepines

89
Q

Naltrexone (Revia)

A
  • opioid receptor antagonist
  • blocks reinforcing actions of heroin but has no effect on craving
  • reduces alcohol craving, consumption, and relapse rates when used in combination with psychotherapy
  • can precipitate opioid withdrawal
90
Q
  • Fluorinated hydrocarbon
  • general anesthetic- inhaled
  • ***high solubility in blood - moderately/high potency (MAC = 0.75%)
  • not good analgesic
  • respiratory and CV failure
  • ***can cause liver damage
  • ***can trigger malignant hyperthermia
A

Halothane (Fluothane)

91
Q
  • inorganic gas (volatile)
  • inhaled general anesthetic
  • low potency (MAC = 105%)
  • adjunctive agent
  • analgesic and anxiolytic
  • rapid onset and recovery
A

Nitrous oxide

92
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil)

A
  • MAOI
  • *** tyramine reaction –> HTN crisis
  • *** postural hypotension OD = BAD! sz, shock, hyperthermia
  • *** good for atypical depression
  • dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, sexual dysfunction, weight gain
93
Q
  • CNS stimulant
  • acts upon locus ceruleus
  • increases NE release
  • reverses DA transporter to release DA
  • makes schizo worse
A

Amphetamines

94
Q
  • typical antipsychotic
  • high potency
  • tx of positive symptoms
  • ***high EPS SEs (dystonia, akathisia, pseudoparkinsons, tardive dyskinesias)
A

Haloperidol (Haldol)

95
Q
  • Opioid agonist
  • Naltrexone (Revia) and Buprenorphine (Subutex) block reinforcing effects but don’t change cravings
  • death by respiratory depression
96
Q

CNS stimulant for ADHD

A

d-Amphetamine (Adderall)

97
Q

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

A
  • typical antipsychotic
  • low potency
  • less EPS but high ANS SEs:
    • anti-M (dry mouth, sedation)
    • α1-blockade (hypotension)
    • antihistamine (sedation)
98
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A
  • benzo
  • direct metabolism (no P450)
  • short half life
  • *** good for elderly and hepatic dysfunction
  • slow oral absorp., good IM
  • good for EtOH withdrawal, anti-anxiety, status epilepticus
99
Q

Lithium carbonate

A
  • anti-manic, bipolar depression
  • tx bad taste
  • tremor
  • *** narrow therapeutic window
  • *** diabetes insipidus
  • *** hypothyroidism
  • 10-21 day onset
  • *** diuretics and NSAIDs increase blood lithium levels
  • *** increased Na+ decreases lithium levels
100
Q
  • a benzo
  • not much to note
A

Midazolam (Versed)

101
Q

Flurazepam (Dalmane)

A
  • long half life
  • minimal tolerance
  • *** can accumulate in elderly/ hepatic problems
  • *** daytime sedation
102
Q

Alprazolam (Xanax)

A
  • benzo
  • rapid oral absorp.
  • short half-life and effects
  • good for elderly
  • tx for panic disorder, acute anxiety
103
Q

d-Amphetamine (Adderall)

A

CNS stimulant for ADHD

104
Q
  • SSRI
  • short half life
  • *** withdrawal symptoms = flu-like/neurologic
  • *** inhibits P450 (CYP2D6)
  • mild sedation
A

Paroxetine (Paxil)

105
Q

Venlafaxine (Effexor)

A
  • SNRI
  • ***HTN
  • ***anxiety
  • *** more rapid withdrawal symptoms
  • nausea, somnolence, sweating, dizziness, sexual dysfunction
106
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A
  • blocks voltage dependent sodium channels (VSSC)
  • reduces repetitive sz firing
  • good for tonic-clonic and partial sz’s
  • food enhances absorption and reduces GI upset
  • *** Strong inducer of P450
  • nystagmus
  • additive to other CNS depressants
  • rash
  • *** gingival hyperplasia
  • OD = death
  • inhibited by valproic acid
  • vitamin K deficiency in newborn

aNeuro exam 4: Lindsey's (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions