Addiction Flashcards
Describe the risks associated with marijuana use during pregnancy.
x
Describe the risks associated with marijuana use during adolescents.
c
Describe the risks associated with marijuana use during adulthood.
c
What is the pharm tx for opioid abuse? What are their mechanisms of action?
Methadone –> mu opioid agonist, long acting
** can only be administered in methadone clinics
Buprenorphine –> partial opioid agonist
** w/ naloxone = suboxone
Naltrexone –> can precipitate withdrawal
What is the pharm tx for nicotine abuse? What are their mechanisms of action?
Buproprion (Wellbutrin/Zyban) –> Nicotinic receptor antagonist? Dopamine reuptake inhibitor; doubles quit rates
Varenicline (Chantix) –> Partial α4β2 agonist, conflicting reports of depression and suicidal ideation
NRTs (nicotine replacement gum, patch –> several different doses avail., titrate down over months)
What is the pharm tx for alcohol abuse? What are their mechanisms of action?
Disulfiram –> inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Naltrexone –> Opioid antagonist
Acamprosate –> GABA/glutamate balance
Describe the chaotic life‐circumstances that confront many addicted youths.
c
How do addictive substances contribute to the antisocial and substance problems seen in addicted youths?
x
Discuss the role of “free will” and “personal responsibility” for behavioral transgressions if the patient’s brain functions aberrantly while deciding whether to do high‐risk behaviors.
v
Discuss how substance availability influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.
n
Discuss how acceptability influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.
n
Discuss how pharmacological reinforcement influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.
a
Discuss how history of prior substance use influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.
f
Discuss how genes influence substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.
genetic component shown via incidence rates in 1st degree relatives –> increased risk to children, etc
Discuss how gender influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.
males and females have similar prevalence rates in adolescence, but by young adulthood male>female SUD
prevalence rates begin to emerge
Discuss how age influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.
Rationale for why adolescents are more vulnerable to addiction than adults: reward-related circuitry
processing matures earlier while neural processing of inhibition are not yet fully developed.
Discuss how a risk‐taking disposition influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.
cognitive control –> people that respond well to reward take longer to break habits in spite of later punishments
Discuss how stress influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.
lots of stress, anxiety, etc leads to greater risk of addiction
Discuss how pharmacological punishment of substance use influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.
c
Discuss how social punishment of substance use influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.
x
Discuss how social reinforcement of non‐use of substances influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.
x
What is Disulfiram?
inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
tx for EtOH
Name the drug:
inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
tx for EtOH
Disulfiram
What is Naltrexone?
an opioid antagonist
a tx of EtOH
Name the drug:
an opioid antagonist
a tx of EtOH
Naltrexone
What is Acamprosate?
for GABA/glutamate balance
tx for EtOH
Name the drug:
for GABA/glutamate balance
tx for EtOH
Acamprosate
What is Methadone?
Long acting opioid agonist
used to treat opioid addiction
Name the drug:
Long acting opioid agonist
used to treat opioid addiction
Methadone
What is Buprenorphine?
Partial opioid agonist/naloxone
used to treat opioid addiction
Name the drug:
Partial opioid agonist/naloxone
used to treat opioid addiction
Buprenorphine
What is Naltrexone?
blocks the euphoric effects of opioids
Can precipitate withdrawal
Name the drug:
blocks the euphoric effects of opioids
Can precipitate withdrawal
Naltrexone
What is Buproprion (Wellbutrin/Zyban)?
Nicotinic receptor antagonist?
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
tx for nicotine addiction
Name the drug:
Nicotinic receptor antagonist?
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
tx for nicotine addiction
Buproprion (Wellbutrin/Zyban)
What is Varenicline?
a partial α4β2 agonist
conflicting reports of depression and suicidal ideation
tx for nicotine addiction
Name the drug:
a partial α4β2 agonist
conflicting reports of depression and suicidal ideation
tx for nicotine addiction
Varenicline
