Neuro Review- First Aid- pg 476-479 Flashcards
Dx?
- painless opacification of the lens –> decrease in vision
- risk factors = age, smoking, EtOH, excessive sunlight, corticosterioids, galactosemia, galactokinase deficiency, DM, trauma, infection
cataract
What are the s/s of CNIV (4) damage?
eye moves upward, esp. with contralateral gaze and head tilt towards the side of lesion
Dx?
- increased ICP –> optic disc swelling (usu. bilateral)
- enlarged blind spot
- elevated optic disc
- blurred margins
papilledema
cataract
- painless opacification of the lens –> decrease in vision
- risk factors = age, smoking, EtOH, excessive sunlight, corticosterioids, galactosemia, galactokinase deficiency, DM, trauma, infection
Closed angle glaucoma
- acute = emergency!
- increased IOP –> iris pushed forward –> angle closes fast –> impedance of normal aqueous flow thru pupil
- s/s = PAIN, sudden vision loss, halos around lights, rock-hard eye, frontal HA
- DO NOT GIVE EPI!!!
- tx = Pilocarpine, Acetazolamide, Mannitol or glycerol
Dx?
- compression from nearby arterial atherosclerosis –> blockage of central or branch retinal vein
- retinal hemorrhage and edema
retinal vein occlusion
What CN innervates the majority of the eye muscles?
CN3 (LR6 SO4 R3)
Obliques move the eye in the _____ direction.
opposite (O = O)
presbyopia
sclerosis, decreased elasticity –> decrease in focusing ability during accommodation
How do you test the inferior oblique?
- IOU!
- to test Inferior Oblique, have the patient look Up
Dx?
- acute = emergency!
- increased IOP –> iris pushed forward –> angle closes fast –> impedance of normal aqueous flow thru pupil
- s/s = PAIN, sudden vision loss, halos around lights, rock-hard eye, frontal HA
- DO NOT GIVE EPI!!!
- tx = Pilocarpine, Acetazolamide, Mannitol or glycerol
Closed angle glaucoma
Dx?
- optic disc atrophy
- cupping
- increased intraocular pressure (IOP)
- progressive peripheral visual field loss
glaucoma
Open angle glaucoma
- painless glaucoma
- primary = unk cause
- secondary = blocked trabecular meshwork from WBCs, RBCs, retinal elements
- risk factors = age, black, fam. hx
- tx = prostaglandin analog (PA- Latanoprost) +/- β-blocker (Timolol) OR carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (Dorzolamide) OR α2 agonist (Brimonidine)
What CN innervates the lateral rectus?
CN6 (LR6 SO4 R3)
eye too short –> light focused behind retina (far-sighted)
hyperopia
retinitis
- retinal edema and necrosis –> scar
- cause = viral (CMV, HSV, HZV), immunosuppression
Dx?
- painless glaucoma
- primary = unk cause
- secondary = blocked trabecular meshwork from WBCs, RBCs, retinal elements
- risk factors = age, black, fam. hx
- tx = prostaglandin analog (PA- Latanoprost) +/- β-blocker (Timolol) OR carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (Dorzolamide) OR α2 agonist (Brimonidine)
Open angle glaucoma
glaucoma
- optic disc atrophy
- cupping
- increased intraocular pressure (IOP)
- progressive peripheral visual field loss
astigmatism
abnormal curvature of cornea –> different refractive power of vision at different axes
Dx?
- inflammation of anterior uvea and iris
- hypopyon (sterile pus)
- conjunctival redness
- causes = inflammatory disorders (sarcoid, RA, arterisis, TB, HLA-B27)
uveitis
central retinal artery occlusion
- acute, painless monocular vision loss
- retina cloudy with attenuated vessels
- “cherry-red” spot at the fovea *** Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick Disease
Dx?
- chronic hyperglycemia –> retinal damage
- damaged capillaries leak blood –> lipids and fluids seep into retina –> hemorrhage and macular edema (control blood sugar, macular laser) OR
- chronic hypoxia –> angiogenesis –> traction on retina (tx = peripheral retinal photocoagulation, anti-VEGF injections)
diabetic retinopathy
What produces aqueous humor in the eye?
ciliary epithelium
What are the s/s of CNVI (6) damage?
medial directed eye that cannot abduct
sclerosis, decreased elasticity –> decrease in focusing ability during accommodation
presbyopia
eye too long –> light focused in front of retina (near-sighted)
myopia
uveitis
- inflammation of anterior uvea and iris
- hypopyon (sterile pus)
- conjunctival redness
- causes = inflammatory disorders (sarcoid, RA, arterisis, TB, HLA-B27)
abnormal curvature of cornea –> different refractive power of vision at different axes
astigmatism
retinal vein occlusion
- compression from nearby arterial atherosclerosis –> blockage of central or branch retinal vein
- retinal hemorrhage and edema
myopia
eye too long –> light focused in front of retina (near-sighted)
Dx?
- acute, painless monocular vision loss
- retina cloudy with attenuated vessels
- “cherry-red” spot at the fovea *** Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick Disease
central retinal artery occlusion
papilledema
- increased ICP –> optic disc swelling (usu. bilateral)
- enlarged blind spot
- elevated optic disc
- blurred margins
diabetic retinopathy
- chronic hyperglycemia –> retinal damage
- damaged capillaries leak blood –> lipids and fluids seep into retina –> hemorrhage and macular edema (control blood sugar, macular laser) OR
- chronic hypoxia –> angiogenesis –> traction on retina (tx = peripheral retinal photocoagulation, anti-VEGF injections)
hyperopia
eye too short –> light focused behind retina (far-sighted)
Dx?
- retinal edema and necrosis –> scar
- cause = viral (CMV, HSV, HZV), immunosuppression
retinitis
What CN innervates the superior oblique?
CN4 (LR6 SO4 R3)
