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aNeuro exam 4: Lindsey's > Neuro Review- First Aid- pg 476-479 > Flashcards

Neuro Review- First Aid- pg 476-479 Flashcards

1
Q

Dx?

  • painless opacification of the lens –> decrease in vision
  • risk factors = age, smoking, EtOH, excessive sunlight, corticosterioids, galactosemia, galactokinase deficiency, DM, trauma, infection
A

cataract

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2
Q

What are the s/s of CNIV (4) damage?

A

eye moves upward, esp. with contralateral gaze and head tilt towards the side of lesion

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3
Q

Dx?

  • increased ICP –> optic disc swelling (usu. bilateral)
  • enlarged blind spot
  • elevated optic disc
  • blurred margins
A

papilledema

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4
Q

cataract

A
  • painless opacification of the lens –> decrease in vision
  • risk factors = age, smoking, EtOH, excessive sunlight, corticosterioids, galactosemia, galactokinase deficiency, DM, trauma, infection
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5
Q

Closed angle glaucoma

A
  • acute = emergency!
  • increased IOP –> iris pushed forward –> angle closes fast –> impedance of normal aqueous flow thru pupil
  • s/s = PAIN, sudden vision loss, halos around lights, rock-hard eye, frontal HA
  • DO NOT GIVE EPI!!!
  • tx = Pilocarpine, Acetazolamide, Mannitol or glycerol
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6
Q

Dx?

  • compression from nearby arterial atherosclerosis –> blockage of central or branch retinal vein
  • retinal hemorrhage and edema
A

retinal vein occlusion

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7
Q

What CN innervates the majority of the eye muscles?

A

CN3 (LR6 SO4 R3)

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8
Q

Obliques move the eye in the _____ direction.

A

opposite (O = O)

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9
Q

presbyopia

A

sclerosis, decreased elasticity –> decrease in focusing ability during accommodation

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10
Q

How do you test the inferior oblique?

A
  • IOU!
  • to test Inferior Oblique, have the patient look Up
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11
Q

Dx?

  • acute = emergency!
  • increased IOP –> iris pushed forward –> angle closes fast –> impedance of normal aqueous flow thru pupil
  • s/s = PAIN, sudden vision loss, halos around lights, rock-hard eye, frontal HA
  • DO NOT GIVE EPI!!!
  • tx = Pilocarpine, Acetazolamide, Mannitol or glycerol
A

Closed angle glaucoma

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12
Q

Dx?

  • optic disc atrophy
  • cupping
  • increased intraocular pressure (IOP)
  • progressive peripheral visual field loss
A

glaucoma

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13
Q

Open angle glaucoma

A
  • painless glaucoma
  • primary = unk cause
  • secondary = blocked trabecular meshwork from WBCs, RBCs, retinal elements
  • risk factors = age, black, fam. hx
  • tx = prostaglandin analog (PA- Latanoprost) +/- β-blocker (Timolol) OR carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (Dorzolamide) OR α2 agonist (Brimonidine)
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14
Q

What CN innervates the lateral rectus?

A

CN6 (LR6 SO4 R3)

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15
Q

eye too short –> light focused behind retina (far-sighted)

A

hyperopia

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16
Q

retinitis

A
  • retinal edema and necrosis –> scar
  • cause = viral (CMV, HSV, HZV), immunosuppression
17
Q

Dx?

  • painless glaucoma
  • primary = unk cause
  • secondary = blocked trabecular meshwork from WBCs, RBCs, retinal elements
  • risk factors = age, black, fam. hx
  • tx = prostaglandin analog (PA- Latanoprost) +/- β-blocker (Timolol) OR carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (Dorzolamide) OR α2 agonist (Brimonidine)
A

Open angle glaucoma

18
Q

glaucoma

A
  • optic disc atrophy
  • cupping
  • increased intraocular pressure (IOP)
  • progressive peripheral visual field loss
19
Q

astigmatism

A

abnormal curvature of cornea –> different refractive power of vision at different axes

20
Q

Dx?

  • inflammation of anterior uvea and iris
  • hypopyon (sterile pus)
  • conjunctival redness
  • causes = inflammatory disorders (sarcoid, RA, arterisis, TB, HLA-B27)
A

uveitis

21
Q

central retinal artery occlusion

A
  • acute, painless monocular vision loss
  • retina cloudy with attenuated vessels
  • “cherry-red” spot at the fovea *** Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick Disease
22
Q

Dx?

  • chronic hyperglycemia –> retinal damage
  1. damaged capillaries leak blood –> lipids and fluids seep into retina –> hemorrhage and macular edema (control blood sugar, macular laser) OR
  2. chronic hypoxia –> angiogenesis –> traction on retina (tx = peripheral retinal photocoagulation, anti-VEGF injections)
A

diabetic retinopathy

23
Q

What produces aqueous humor in the eye?

A

ciliary epithelium

24
Q

What are the s/s of CNVI (6) damage?

A

medial directed eye that cannot abduct

25
Q

sclerosis, decreased elasticity –> decrease in focusing ability during accommodation

A

presbyopia

26
Q

eye too long –> light focused in front of retina (near-sighted)

A

myopia

27
Q

uveitis

A
  • inflammation of anterior uvea and iris
  • hypopyon (sterile pus)
  • conjunctival redness
  • causes = inflammatory disorders (sarcoid, RA, arterisis, TB, HLA-B27)
28
Q

abnormal curvature of cornea –> different refractive power of vision at different axes

A

astigmatism

29
Q

retinal vein occlusion

A
  • compression from nearby arterial atherosclerosis –> blockage of central or branch retinal vein
  • retinal hemorrhage and edema
30
Q

myopia

A

eye too long –> light focused in front of retina (near-sighted)

31
Q

Dx?

  • acute, painless monocular vision loss
  • retina cloudy with attenuated vessels
  • “cherry-red” spot at the fovea *** Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick Disease
A

central retinal artery occlusion

32
Q

papilledema

A
  • increased ICP –> optic disc swelling (usu. bilateral)
  • enlarged blind spot
  • elevated optic disc
  • blurred margins
33
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A
  • chronic hyperglycemia –> retinal damage
  1. damaged capillaries leak blood –> lipids and fluids seep into retina –> hemorrhage and macular edema (control blood sugar, macular laser) OR
  2. chronic hypoxia –> angiogenesis –> traction on retina (tx = peripheral retinal photocoagulation, anti-VEGF injections)
34
Q

hyperopia

A

eye too short –> light focused behind retina (far-sighted)

35
Q

Dx?

  • retinal edema and necrosis –> scar
  • cause = viral (CMV, HSV, HZV), immunosuppression
A

retinitis

36
Q

What CN innervates the superior oblique?

A

CN4 (LR6 SO4 R3)

aNeuro exam 4: Lindsey's (37 decks)

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