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aNeuro exam 4: Lindsey's > Neuro Review- First Aid- pg 453-456 > Flashcards

Neuro Review- First Aid- pg 453-456 Flashcards

1
Q
  • slow, writhing movements
  • disorder of the basal ganglia
A

athetosis

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2
Q

What is the excitatory pathway?

A

cortical inputs –> striatum –> GABA release –> disinhibits thalamus via GPi/SNr –> increase motion

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3
Q

The basal ganglia receives info from?

A

the cortices

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4
Q

Dopamine binds to D2, inhibiting the _____ pathway to increase motion.

A

inhibitory

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5
Q

What is resting tremor? Where does the characteristic lesion occur?

A
  • uncontrolled mvmt of distal appendages
  • alleviated by intentional mvmt
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • lesion @ basal ganglia (substantia nigra)
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6
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A
  • Lewy bodies (alpha-synuclein)
  • loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta
  • TRAPS your body (Tremor at rest, cogwheel Rigidity, Akinesia (or bradykinesia), Postural instability, Shuffling gait)
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7
Q
  • slow, zigzag motion when pointing/extending towards a target
  • due to cerebellar dysfunction
A

intention tremor

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8
Q
  • sudden flailing of 1 arm +/- ipsilateral leg
  • contralateral subthalamic nucleus lesion
A

hemiballismus

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9
Q

Huntington disease

A
  • auto. dominant CAG repeats with anticipation on chromosome 4
  • appears btw age 20-50
  • choreiform mvmts
  • aggression
  • depression
  • dementia
  • decreased GABA and ACh
  • neuronal death via NMDA-R binding and glutamate toxicity
  • imaging = atrophy of caudate nuclei
  • *** “CAG repeats; Caudate loses ACh and GABA”
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10
Q

What is dystonia?

A

sustained, involuntary muscle contractions

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11
Q

What is myoclonus?

A

sudden, brief, uncontrolled muscle contractions

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12
Q

What is hemiballismus? Where does the characteristic lesion occur?

A
  • sudden flailing of 1 arm +/- ipsilateral leg
  • contralateral subthalamic nucleus
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13
Q

What is intention tremor? Where does the characteristic lesion occur?

A
  • slow, zigzag motion when pointing/extending towards a target
  • cerebellar dysfunction
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14
Q

What is the inhibitory pathway?

A
  • cortical inputs –> striatum –> disinhibits STN via GPe STN –> GPi/SNr –> inhibit thalamus (decrease motion)
  • “INdirect = INhibitory”
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15
Q

What is the lentiform?

A

putamen (motor) + globus pallidus (inhibits motor)

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16
Q

sustained, involuntary muscle contractions

A

dystonia

17
Q

What is chorea? Where does the characteristic lesion occur?

A
  • sudden, jerky, purposeless mvmts
  • basal ganglia
18
Q

Dopamine binds to D1, stimulating the _____ pathway to increase motion.

A
  • excitatory
  • “D1-Receptor = DIRect pathway”
19
Q

The basal ganglia is important for?

A
  • voluntary mvmts
  • postural adjustments
20
Q

sudden, brief, uncontrolled muscle contractions

A

myoclonus

21
Q

putamen (motor) + globus pallidus (inhibits motor)

A

lentiform

22
Q

putamen (motor) + caudate (cognitive)

A

striatum

23
Q

The basal ganglia projects info where? What about?

A
  • negative feedback to the cortex to modulate mvmt
24
Q

Dx?

  • Lewy bodies (alpha-synuclein)
  • loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta
  • TRAPS your body (Tremor at rest, cogwheel Rigidity, Akinesia (or bradykinesia), Postural instability, Shuffling gait)
A

Parkinson’s disease

25
Q
  • uncontrolled mvmt of distal appendages alleviated by intentional mvmt
  • Parkinson’s disease (basal ganglia)
A

resting tremor

26
Q

cortical inputs –> striatum –> disinhibits STN via GPe STN –> GPi/SNr –> inhibit thalamus (decrease motion)

A

the inhibitory pathway

27
Q

Dx?

  • auto. dominant CAG repeats with anticipation on chromosome 4
  • appears btw age 20-50
  • choreiform mvmts
  • aggression
  • depression
  • dementia
  • decreased GABA and ACh neuronal death via NMDA-R binding and glutamate toxicity
  • imaging = atrophy of caudate nuclei
A

Huntington disease

28
Q
  • sudden, jerky, purposeless mvmts
  • disorder of the basal ganglia
A

chorea

29
Q

What is athetosis? Where does the characteristic lesion occur?

A
  • slow, writhing movements
  • basal ganglia
30
Q
  • action tremor
  • exacerbated by holding posture/limb position
  • tx = beta-blockers, primidone, EtOH (bad)
A

essential (postural) tremor

31
Q

cortical inputs –> striatum –> GABA release –> disinhibits thalamus via GPi/SNr –> increase motion

A

the excitatory pathway

32
Q

What is the striatum?

A

putamen (motor) + caudate (cognitive)

33
Q

What is essential (postural) tremor? What is the tx?

A
  • action tremor exacerbated by holding posture/limb position
  • tx = beta-blockers, primidone, EtOH (bad)

aNeuro exam 4: Lindsey's (37 decks)

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