Neuro Review- First Aid- pg 449-453

Question 1

Where is NE synthesized?

Answer 1

locus ceruleus (pons)

Question 2

• Thalamic nucleus: VPM
• input: ?
• info: ?
• Destination: ?

Answer 2

• Thalamic nucleus: VPM
• input: trigeminal and gustatory pathways
• info: FACE sensation and taste
• Destination: 1a somatosensory cortex
• *** VPM = Makeup on the FACE

Question 3

• Thalamic nucleus: VL
• input: ?
• info: ?
• Destination: ?

Answer 3

• Thalamic nucleus: VL
• input: basal ganglia and cerebellum
• info: motor
• Destination: motor cortex

Question 4

In what sleep phase do sleepwalking, night terrors, and bedwetting occur?

Answer 4

stage N3 (delta waves)

Question 5

ACh is decreased in which pathology?

Answer 5

• Alzheimers
• Huntington disease

Question 6

What is the function of the locus ceruleus?

Answer 6

• stress and panic
• NE synthesis

Question 7

What portion of the hypothalamus regulates heating (SNS)?

Answer 7

posterior nucleus

Question 8

5HT is increased in which pathology?

Answer 8

Parkinsons

Question 9

• Thalamic nucleus: lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
• input: ?
• info: ?
• Destination: ?

Answer 9

• Thalamic nucleus: lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
• input: CNII (2)
• info: vision
• Destination: calcarine sulcus (parietal-occipital area)
• *** lateral = light

Question 10

GABA is decreased in which pathology?

Answer 10

• anxiety
• Huntington disease

Question 11

What makes ADH?

Answer 11

the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus

Question 12

• Thalamic nucleus: ?
• input: superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum
• info: hearing
• Destination: auditory cortex of temporal lobe

Answer 12

medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)

Question 13

• Thalamic nucleus: ?
• input: basal ganglia and cerebellum
• info: motor
• Destination: motor cortex

Answer 13

VL

Question 14

• Thalamic nucleus: ?
• input: CNII (2)
• info: vision
• Destination: calcarine sulcus

Answer 14

lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

Question 15

What is the function of the nucleus accumbens and septal nucleus?

Answer 15

cognitive processing of aversion, motivation, pleasure, reward, reinforcement learning, addiction, fear

Question 16

NE is decreased in which pathology?

Answer 16

depression

Question 17

What regulates circadian rhythm?

Answer 17

• the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus
• *** you need sleep to be charismatic***

Question 18

Where is ACh synthesized?

Answer 18

basal nucleus of Meynert

Question 19

Where is GABA synthesized?

Answer 19

nucleus accumbens

Question 20

What is the job of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus?

Answer 20

regulation of circadian rhythm

Question 21

What portion of the hypothalamus regulates cooling (PNS)?

Answer 21

• the anterior hypothalamus
• A/C = anterior cooling

Question 22

Activity of the PPRF (paramedian pontine reticular formation/conjugate gaze center) causes?

Answer 22

extraocular movements during REM sleep

Question 23

DA is decreased in which pathology?

Answer 23

• Parkinsons
• depression

Question 24

Where is DA synthesized?

Answer 24

• ventral tegmental area (VTA) and
• substantia nigra (SNc)- midbrain

Question 25

DA is increased in which pathology?

Answer 25

Huntington

Question 26

5HT is decreased in which pathology?

Answer 26

• anxiety
• depression

Question 27

TAN HATS

• Thirst and water balance
• Adenohypophysis control of ant. pituitary
• Neurohypophysis releases hormones
• Hunger
• Autonomic regulaton
• Temperature regulation
• Sexual urges

Answer 27

functions of the hypothalamus

Question 28

What NT decreases REM sleep?

Answer 28

NE

Question 29

NE is increased in which pathology?

Answer 29

anxiety

Question 30

Where is 5HT synthesized?

Answer 30

raphe nucleus (pons, medulla, midbrain)

Question 31

ACh is increased in which pathology?

Answer 31

Parkinsons

Question 32

• Thalamic nucleus: ?
• input: trigeminal and gustatory pathways
• info: FACE sensation and taste
• Destination: 1a somatosensory cortex

Answer 32

VPM

Question 33

What does a lesion to the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus cause?

Answer 33

poikilothermia (like you’re cold blooded)

Question 34

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 34

TAN HATS

• Thirst and water balance
• Adenohypophysis control of ant. pituitary
• Neurohypophysis releases hormones
• Hunger
• Autonomic regulaton
• Temperature regulation
• Sexual urges

Question 35

• Thalamic nucleus: medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)
• input: ?
• info: ?
• Destination: ?

Answer 35

• Thalamic nucleus: medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)
• input: superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum
• info: hearing
• Destination: auditory cortex of temporal lobe
• *** medial = music

Question 36

Why are there extraocular movements during REM sleep?

Answer 36

PPRF (paramedian pontine reticular formation/conjugate gaze center) is active

Question 37

• Thalamic nucleus: VPL
• input: ?
• info: ?
• Destination: ?

Answer 37

• Thalamic nucleus: VPL
• input: spinothalamic and DC/ML
• info: pain, temp, pressure, touch, vibration, proprioception
• Destination: 1a somatosensory cortex

Question 38

What decreases REM and delta wave sleep?

Answer 38

• CNS depressants:
  
  • EtOH
  • benzos
  • barbs

Question 39

• Thalamic nucleus: ?
• input: spinothalamic and DC/ML
• info: pain, temp, pressure, touch, vibration, proprioception
• Destination: 1a somatosensory cortex

Answer 39

VPL