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Biology > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of organ is the eye

A

A sense organ

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2
Q

What is the sclera

A

A tough supporting wall of the eye

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3
Q

What is the cornea and what does it do

A

The transparent outer layer found at the front of the eye

It refracts light into the eye

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4
Q

What does the iris do and where is it

A

It’s inside the pupil and it contains muscles that allow it to control the diameter of the pupil and how much light enters the eye

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5
Q

What’s the lens’ job

A

It’s focuses the light into the retina

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6
Q

What does the retina contain

A

Receptor cells sensitive to light intensity and colour

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7
Q

What is the shape of the lens controlled by

A

The ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments

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8
Q

What is the optic nerve

A

It carries impulses from the receptors in the retina to the brain

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9
Q

Why is there the iris reflex

A

It protects you from very bright light which can damage the retina

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10
Q

How is the iris reflex triggered

A

When light receptors in the eye defect very bright light

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11
Q

What does the iris reflex do when bright light is detected

A

It makes the pupils smaller and the circular muscles in the iris contract and the radial muscles relax
This reduces the amount of light that can enter your eye

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12
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the iris

A

Circular muscles

Radial muscles

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13
Q

What happens to the muscles in the iris in dim light

A

The radial muscles contract and the circular muscles relax making the pupil wider so it can take in more light

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14
Q

What is accommodation

A

When the eye focuses light on the retina by changing the shape of the lens

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15
Q

What happens to the ciliary muscles when looking at near objects

A

They contract which slackens the suspensory ligaments

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16
Q

What happens to lens when looking at near objects and what does this do

A

The lens becomes fat which increases the amount it refracts light

17
Q

What happens to the ciliary muscles when looking at distant objects and what does this do to the lens

A

They relax which allows the suspensory ligaments to pull tight which makes the lens go thin

18
Q

What happens to the amount of refraction when the lens gets thinner

A

The amount it refracts gets smaller

19
Q

What does it mean if you are long sited

And what is the medical term for longsightedness

A

You are unable to focus on near objects

Hyperopia

20
Q

How are people long sited

A

The lens will be the wrong shape and won’t refract enough light or the eyeball is too short
The images of near objects are brought into focus behind the retina

21
Q

What lenses are used to correct long sited people

A

Glasses which have a convex lens
The lens curves outwards to correct it
The lens refracts the light ray so they focus on the retina

22
Q

What does it mean if you are short sited

And what is it’s medical term

A

You are unable to focus on distant objects

Myopia

23
Q

What does the lens do if you are short sited

A

It’s the wrong shape and refracts light too much

The images of near objects are brought into focus in front of the retina

24
Q

What lens’ are used to correct short sitedness

A

Concave lens the lens curves inwards

25
Q

What are several treatments for vision defects apart from glasses

A

Contact lenses
Laser eye surgery
Replacement lens surgery

26
Q

What are the advantages of contact lenses

A

Lightweight and almost invisible

More convenient for sport activities

27
Q

Disadvantages of soft lenses

A

Carry a higher risk of eye infections than hard lenses

28
Q

How does laser eye surgery treat the eye

A

It vaporises the tissue and changes the shape of the cornea

29
Q

What happens in replacement lens surgery

A

Natural lens of the eye is removed and an artificial plastic lens is inserted

30
Q

Does laser eye surgery or replacement lens surgery carry higher risks

A

Replacement lens surgery

Biology (31 decks)

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