DNA Flashcards
What do the chemicals in your DNA determine
What inherited characterises you have
What is DNA and what’s its made up of
It’s a polymer made up of 2 strands that are cooked together in a double helix structure which are part of chromosomes
What does codes for means e.g each gene codes for
Tells the cells to make …
So what does each gene code for
A particular sequence of amino acids which are pot together to make a specific protein
What do genes tell cells
They tell cells what order to put the amino acids together
How does DNA determine what type of cell something is
Because it determines what poroteins the cell produces which determines what cell it is
What does genome mean
The works for the entire set of genetic material in an organism
Why is understanding the human genome really important
You can identity genes in the genome that are linked to diseases which helps us to understand them better and make effective treatments
They can also trace the migration of certain populations of people around the world
What are the dna strands called polymers made up of
Lots of repaying units called nucleotides
What does a nucleotide consist of
1 sugar molecule
1 phosphate molecule
1 base
What do each of the 3 parts of a nucleotide do to the dna strands
Sugar and phosphate act as a backbone to the dna strands which alternate
And 1 of the 4 different bases join to each sugar and each of these bases link to the opposite strand in the helix
What is complementary base pairing
What are the letters of each base
Each of the 4 different bases which are ATCG
A always pair up with T
And C always pair up with G
What does the order of bases in a gene decide
The order of amino acids in a protein and how they are joined together
What are the non-coding parts do a gene
These are the parts of DNA that don’t code for proteins and they switch genes on or off
Where are proteins made in dna
In the cell cytoplasm on tiny structures called ribsome
