Genetic Diagrams Flashcards
What do genes you inherit control
The characteristics you’ll develop
How many genes are most characteristics controlled by?
Several genes interacting
What do genes exist in
Different versions called alleles
How many alleles of every gene do you have in your body
2
Which is one on each chromosome in a pair
What is a homozygous pair
An organism has 2 alleles for a particular gene that are the same
What is a heterozygous pair
If an organisms 2 alleles for a particular gene are different
What is the allele for a characteristic that’s shown called
The dominant allele
What is the oether allele called in a heterozygous pair that is not the dominant allele
The recessive allele
What must both alleles be to show the recessive characteristic
Both alleles must be recessive
What must the alleles be to display the dominant characteristic
The organism must have at least 1 dominant allele as it can overrule the recessive allele
What is your genotype
The combination of alleles you have
What is your phenotype
The molecular level your alleles work at to determine what characteristics you have
What is cystic fibrosis cause by
A recessive allele
What is cystic fibrosis
A genetic disorder of the cell membranes resulting in the body producing a lot of thick sticky mucus in the air passages and in the pancreas
What type of disorders can be inherited
Cystic fibrosis
Polydactyly
What the polydactyly caused by
A dominant allele
What is polydactyly
A genetic disorder where a baby’s born with extra fingers or toes
Because it’s a dominant allele what does this mean for the child of a person who has the disorder
There’s a 50% chance of the child having the condition
How can genetic disorders be detected
During ivf treatment before the embryo is implanted into the mother womb it’s possible to remove w cell from each embryo and analyse is genes
What are the ethical economical and social concerns about embryo screening
Embryos produced by ivf - embryos with bad alleles would be destroyed
Embryos in the womb - screening could lead to decision to terminate the pregnancy
What are argument for embryonic screening
Helps stop people suffering
Will decrease the amount of money spent
Laws to stop it going too far
Arguments against embryonic screening
Implies people with genetic problems are undesirable
May come to a point where everyone wants to do it for desirable characteristics
It’s expensive
