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Biology > Homeostatis > Flashcards

Homeostatis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition for homeostasis

A

The regulation of the conditions inside your body to maintain a stable environment
In responses to changes both internally and externally

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2
Q

Why is homeostasis important

A

Because your cells need the right conditions in order to function properly and for enzyme action

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3
Q

What are the control systems that regulate internal environment

A

Nervous system

Hormonal system

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4
Q

What conditions need regulating in your internal environment

A

Body temperature
Blood glucose content
Water content

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5
Q

What are the control systems made up of to maintain a steady condition

A 
Receptors 
Coordination centre 
Effectors 
Stimulus 
Control centre
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6
Q

What does the nervous system control

A

Temperature

Co2 levels

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7
Q

What does the endocrine (hormone) system control

A

Blood sugar level

Adrenaline

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8
Q

What is controlled by the nervous and endocrine system

A

Water

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9
Q

What is a stimulus

A

Change in environment

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10
Q

Where are coordination centres in the body

A

Brain
Pancreas
Spinal cord

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11
Q

What system does the body use to bring the body’s levels back to normal

A

Negative feedback

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12
Q

What’s the first 2 things that happen in negative feedback

A

The receptors in the body detect a stimulus (change in environment)
Then the receptor sends information to the coordination centre and that processes the info and organises a response

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13
Q

What the 3rd and 4th thing that happens in negative feedback

A

The effectors then produce a response which counteracts the change and restores the optimum level
The effectors will carry on producing the responses for as long as stimulated by the coordination centre

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14
Q

What is the nervous system made up of

A

The central nervous system
Sensory neurons
Motor neuronses
Effectors

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15
Q

What are sensory Nuerons

A

Neurons that carry information as electrical impulses from receptors to cns

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16
Q

What are motor neurons

A

Nuerons that carry electrical impulses from cns to effectors

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17
Q

What are effectors

A

All muscles and glands which respond to nervous impulses

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18
Q

What are the 3 main types of receptors

A

Taste on tongue
Sound in ears
Smell in nose

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19
Q

What’s a complex receptor

A

Retina on the eye is made up of many light receptors

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20
Q

How do the muscles and glands act differently when responding to nervous impulse

A

The muscles contract

The glands secrete hormones

21
Q

Give the order of how the nervous system works

A 
Stimulus 
Receptor 
Sensory Nuerone 
CNS 
Motor nuerone 
Effector 
Response
22
Q

What do synapses do

A

Connect neurones or the connection between two neurones

23
Q

Define what a reflex is

A

A rapid automatic response to certain stimuli that don’t involve the conscious part of the brain

24
Q

Give an example of a reflex

A

Pupils automatically get smaller when a bright light is shined on you

25
Q

What is the passage in a reflex called

A

The reflex arc

26
Q

What type of nuerones are in a reflex

A

Sensory neutron
Relay nuerone
Motor nuerones

27
Q

Order of first three things that happen in a reflex

If bee stung finger

A

Bee stings so stimulation of pain receptors
Impulses then travel along sensory nuerone
A synapse happens between sensory neurons and relay nuerone and the impulses are passed along relay

28
Q

What happens in the last 2 things of a reflex

A

Via a synapse, impulses travel along a motor nuerone

From motor nuerone they go to effector which is the muscle and it the contracts

29
Q

What test can you use to measure reaction time

A

The ruler drop test

Using a computer

30
Q

What variables need to be controlled in the ruler drop test

A

Same person catching ruler
Same hand acting ruler
Same height ruler dropped at

31
Q

Which test is better to record reaction time

Ruler drop or computer

A

Computer because it’s more accurate and precise

It also removes possibility of human error

32
Q

Sugar regulation

What are glucose

A

A sugar released when food is digested

33
Q

What is gylcogen

A

A long chain of carbohydrate and is made of stored glucose

34
Q

What is glucagon

A

A hormone used to release glucose from stored glycogen

35
Q

What is insulin

A

A hormone used to reduce blood glucose

36
Q

What does the Brain do

A

Controls complex behaviour

It has billions of connections nuerones and has different regions to carry out different functions

37
Q

What are the 3different regions of the brain

A

Cerebral cortex > conciousness
Cerebellum > muscle coordination
Medulla oblongata > unconscious activity
S

38
Q

What 3 ways do the scientists study the brain

A

Pateients with brain damage
Electrically stimulating the brain
MRI scans

39
Q

The eye

What’s the sclera

A

The tough supporting wall do the eye

40
Q

The eye

What’s the cornea

A

Transparent out layer found at front of eye

Refracts light into eye

41
Q

The eye

What’s the iris

A

Contains muscles that allows it to contract the diameter of the pupil
So how much light entered the eye

42
Q

The eye what’s the lenses

A

Focuses light into the retina

43
Q

The eye

What is the shape of the lens controlled by

A

The ciliary muscles & suspensory ligaments

44
Q

The eye

What does the optic nerve do

A

Carries impulses from the receptors on the retina to brain

45
Q

The eye

What happens when bright light is shon on the eye

A

A reflex is triggered
The circular muscle sin iris contract and the radial muscles relax reducing the amount of light that can enter
The opposite process happens in dim light

46
Q

What’s the term used to explain how the eye focuses light on the retina

A

Accommodation

47
Q

The eye

What happens in the ye when looking at close objects

A

Ciliary muscles tighten
Suspensory ligaments relax
Lens becomes fat and more curved

48
Q

The eye

What happens when the eye looks at distant objects

A

Ciliary muscles relax
Suspensory ligaments tighten
Lens becomes thin

Biology (31 decks)

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