Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Histology AUC > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What composes the inner tunic (retina)?

A

Pigmented epithelium

Neural retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the outer fibrous tunic?

A

Sclera

Cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the components of the middle vascular tunic (uvea)?

A

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes jaundice?

A

Bilirubin in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What reabsorbs the aqueous humor in the eye?

A

It is reabsorbed though the trabecular mesh work into the canal of schlemm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is retinoblastoma?

A

White reflection in the pupil

Most Common malignancy in children

It runs in family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do the lens and cornea come from?

A

Ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What comes from the diencephalon in eye development?

A

Optic stalk
Pigmented epithelium
Neural retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most Important part of the cornea?

A

Limbus (where the stem cells hang out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the cornea do?

A

Accommodation of light

The first thing to come in contact with light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the layers of the cornea from superficial to deep?

A
  1. Corneal epithelium
  2. Bowman’ layer
  3. Storms
  4. Descemet’s membrane
  5. Corneal endothelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is aqueous humor made of?

A

Water, amino acids and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the characteristics of the corneal epithelium?

A

Squamous stratified cells
Attached with hemidesmosomes
Innervated by unmyelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the characteristics of bowman’ layer?

A

Type 1 collagen

Barrier to trauma and bacterial invasion

  • does not regenerate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the characteristics of the stroma?

A

Collagen Lamellae at angle to one another (this is the reason you can see through it)

Transparency depends on arrangement and affinity to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the characteristics of decemet’s membrane?

A

Thick basement membrane

Thick type 4 collagen

Note: 4th layer and type 4 collagen :D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the characteristics of of the corneal endothelium?

A

Permeable to air
Regulates hydration of stroma
Vital to transparency of stroma

Metabolically active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does bowman’s layer stop?

A

When it reaches the sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What causes Kayseri flesher ring?

A

Copper deposit is desminous (desmosome) membranes (in Wilson’s disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is aqueous humor made?

A

In the ciliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the ciliary body do?

A

Participates in the blood aqueous barrier

Makes aqueous humor and viscous humor

Anchors zonular fibers ( change lens shape)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the other name of the canal of schlemm?

A

Sclera venous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is the canal of schlemm located?

A

Angle of the iris

24
Q

In what location is the aqueous humor deposited?

A

Posterior chamber (it then travels along the lens and in between the iris into the anterior chamber)

25
What divides the anterior and posterior chamber?
The iris
26
Where does the photosensitive part of the retina begin and end?
At the ora serrata
27
How do the layers of the cornea receive nutrients?
The cornea receives nutrients from the aqueous humor via endocytosis at the endothelium and diffusion to the outer layers Note: this tissue is avascular
28
What are the boundaries of the anterior chamber of the eye?
The cornea and the iris in front of the lens
29
What are the boundaries of the posterior chamber of the eye?
Bound by the lens, iris, ciliary body, and zonale fibers
30
What creates aqueous humor and what path does it take within the eye?
The ciliary process. It passes from the posterior chamber to the anterior chamber Note: it passes through the center of the iris to reach the anterior chamber which divides the two
31
What features of the cornea allows light transmission?
The lower water composition, the avascularity and the collagen fiber arrangement
32
The zonular fibers (suspensory ligaments) are important for what function?
Focusing of the lens (accommodation)
33
For close vision what occurs? (Muscle/body/lens)
The ciliary muscle contracts The ciliary body with zonular fibers move closer to the lens Tension is reduced and the lens rounds Note: whenever the muscle contracts it becomes a ball making the distance between the muscle and lens closer (ball is round)
34
For distant vision, what occurs? (Muscle/body/lens)
The ciliary muscle relaxes The ciliary body with zonular fibers moves away from the lens Tension increase and the lens flattens Note: when the ciliary muscle relaxes it becomes flatter again the wall of the eye and pulls the lens causing it to flatten (flat to flat)
35
How do cataracts occur?
Excess of sorbitol reduces solubility of crystallins leading to opacity Note: glucose is the major metabolite of the lens. High glucose levels (diabetes) cause sorbitol to accumulate in the lens fibers.
36
What are the 10 layers of the retina? (Deep to superficial)
"In New Generations It Is only Ophthalmologist Examining Patients Retina" 10. Inner Limiting membrane 9. Nerve fiber layer 8. Ganglion cell Layer 7. Inner plexiform layer 6. Inner nuclear layer 5. Outer plexiform layer 4. Outer nuclear layer 3. Outer limiting membrane (external) 2. Photoreceptors inner and outer segments 1. Retinal pigment epithelium Note: the layers might be referred by number and are ordered superficial to deep
37
What cells are found in the Inner nuclear layer?
Amacrine Bipolar Horizontal Muller cells Note: Muller cells span almost all layers but cell body is here
38
What are muller cells?
Supportive cells that helps structurally and to clean the layers
39
What cells are found in the ganglionic cell layer of the retina?
Ganglion cell nuclei (conducting cells)
40
Where are the photoreceptor nuclei found?
Outer nuclear layer Note: the rest of the cell are within the outer limiting membrane and photoreceptors inner and outer segments
41
What pigment is associated with rods?
Rhodopsin
42
What pigment is associated with cones?
Iodopsin | Blue,red, green
43
What part of the photoreceptor makes the signal in a reversible manner?
Membranous disk
44
When light enters the eye, opsin is activated and turns retinal into retinol. What other process occurs that is not done in the dark?
Phosphodiesterase is activated by transducin Note: this decreases cGMP to close the sodium pump (NA+) causing the cell to become hyper polarized
45
What are the layers of the choroid?
1. Bruch's membrane 2. Choriocapilaris- layer of capillaries 3. Sattler's layer- medium diameter blood vessels 4. Haller's layer- large diameter blood vessels
46
Where does the ciliary body begin and end?
Begins posteriorly at the ora serrata and extends anteriorly to wears the root of the iris *be able to distinguish this in a picture
47
What do amacrine cells do in the eye?
The shift information in the layer
48
What are the components of the lens?
Capsule Epithelium Substance Zonule
49
Describe the capsule of the eye.
It forms an elastic collagenous membrane around the lens
50
Lens epithelium is only present on the anterior surface of the lens. What happens as cells migrate?
As cells migrate posteriorly they become lens fibers at the equator
51
What is the substance of the lens?
The substance of the lens is composed of 6 sided prism fibers derived from the epithelium at the equator
52
What is the zonule of the lens?
Zonule suspensory ligaments -from the ciliary proceses of the ciliar body to the equator and are continuous with the lens
53
What are the components of rhodopsin?
Retinal and opsin
54
What activates phosphodiesterase when light hits the rhodopsin?
Transducin
55
What does the fovea contain ?
Only cones Note: area of greatest visual acuity because the nuclear layers do not obstruct path resulting in accurate color vision

Histology AUC (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions