Histology Of The Cell Flashcards
List the major components of the cell
Plasma membrane Mitochondria Ribosome Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex Lysosomes Cytoskeleton Nucleus
Describe the plasma membrane of the cell.
A phospholipid bilateral with a hydrophilic layer on the outer edge and a hydrophobic center.
What is the glycolcalyx?
Extra cellular glycoproteins and glycolipids
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Glycolipid and glycoproteins receptors for chemical signals
Transport of material in and out of the cell (protein channels)
Attachment sites for cytoskeleton filaments
Attachment sites for extra cellular matrix
What Is pinocytosis?
Invagination of fluid and small molecules into the cell
What is phagocytosis?
Invagination of large substances not the cell (e.g. Bacteria)
Describe the process of exocytosis
- Membrane-bound vehicle with stored substances fuse to surface membrane
Expulsions of substances into extra cellular space and incorporation of vehicle into plasma membrane
What does the outer membrane of the mitochondria do?
Passage of molecules to and from cytoskeleton and intermembranous space through spores
What does the inner membrane of the mitochondria do?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Electron transport system (ETS)
ATP synthase
What does the mitochondria matrix contain?
Circular DNA, rna and mitochondrial proteins
Difference between typical mitochondria and those in steroid secreting cells
Typical have flat cristae
Steroid have tubular cristae
What does the ER do?
Synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids
What occurs in the RER?
Protein synthesis through polyribosomes
What is the RER made of?
Stacks of flat cisternae
What does the SER do?
Synthesizes steroid hormones and phospholipids
What is the SER composed of?
Tubular cisternae
What does the cis and trans face of the golgi complex do?
Cigs: receives transport vehicle
Trans: forms golgi vesicles
What is the function of the golgi complex?
Glycosylation of protein
Lysis of peptides to active forms
Packaging,concentration, and storage of secretory products of ER
What are the types of golgi vesicles?
- (Incorporation) Vesicles transport newly formed membrane for addition to surface membrane
- Lysosomes for intracellular digestion
- Secretory vesicles for release of substances to extracellular space by exocytosis
How is a Phagosome formed?
Lysosomal endocytosis of extracellular matter
-this is where the lysosome fuses and releases hydrolysis enzymes
What is a residual body?
Indigestible matter in a lysosomes
What can residual bodies form?
Lipofuscin pigment
What is a peroxisomes?
Small membrane bound vesicles that ooxidize substances in the cytoplasm (i.e. Long chain fatty acids) by removing hydrogen to form hydrogen peroxide
What acts on peroxide to prevent cell damage?
Catalase
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
To provide shape for the cell
Facilitate intracellular transport
Anchoring cells together no to any extracellular matrices
What 3 types of filaments make up the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
What makes up microtubules?
Formed from alpha and beta subunits of tubulin
Where re microtubules found?
Found in cilia and in transitory mitotic spindles
What are microfilaments?
Globular proteins (G-actin) form actin filaments (F-actin) (microfilaments)
What do microfilaments form?
Filamentos cross-linked mesh work beneath the plasma membrane of a cell
What do microfilaments do?
Anchor to the cell membrane via transmembranous proteins of the plasma membrane
Microfilaments interact with what for contractile forces in muscles?
Myosin protein (thick filament)
What does the nucleus contain?
The nucleolus, euchromatin and heterochromatin
What is the nucleolus for?
Formation of ribosomal RNA subunits
What is euchromatin?
Part of the DNA that actively transcribes
What is heterochromatin?
Part of the DNA not being transcribed
What are the 4 basic tissue types?
Epithelial
- Connective (inc. blood)
- Muscle
- Nervous
What does simple epithelial?
1 cel layer thick
What is stratified epithelial tissue?
More than 1 cell layer thick
What shapes can epithelial tissue be?
Squamous (flat)
Cuboidal
Columnar
What is mesothelium?
Covering of si
What is microvilli?
Surface modification of cells to increase SA for absorption
What is the function of a goblet cell?
To produce and secrete mucus
Some common location for stratified squamous epithelium?
Oral cavity
Esophagus
Vagina
Anus
What is keratin?
Protein that provides a tough waterproof coat to epithelial surface
Where an we find stratified squamous keratinized epithelium?
Epidermis of skin
What is a pseudostratified respiratory epithelium?
A single layer but not lol cells reach the free surface
-all cells attach to basement membrane
How many different types of cells are found on respiratory epithelium?
- goblet cell
- Ciliated cell
- sensory cell
- Secretary cell
- Basal (Stem) cell
What are stereocilia?
Long microvilli that function in absorption of fluids
Where are pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia found?
In the epididymis of the male reproduction system
