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Histology AUC > Histology Of The Cell > Flashcards

Histology Of The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

List the major components of the cell

A 
Plasma membrane
Mitochondria 
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi complex
Lysosomes
Cytoskeleton
Nucleus
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2
Q

Describe the plasma membrane of the cell.

A

A phospholipid bilateral with a hydrophilic layer on the outer edge and a hydrophobic center.

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3
Q

What is the glycolcalyx?

A

Extra cellular glycoproteins and glycolipids

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4
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

Glycolipid and glycoproteins receptors for chemical signals
Transport of material in and out of the cell (protein channels)
Attachment sites for cytoskeleton filaments
Attachment sites for extra cellular matrix

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5
Q

What Is pinocytosis?

A

Invagination of fluid and small molecules into the cell

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6
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Invagination of large substances not the cell (e.g. Bacteria)

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7
Q

Describe the process of exocytosis

A
  1. Membrane-bound vehicle with stored substances fuse to surface membrane
    Expulsions of substances into extra cellular space and incorporation of vehicle into plasma membrane
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8
Q

What does the outer membrane of the mitochondria do?

A

Passage of molecules to and from cytoskeleton and intermembranous space through spores

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9
Q

What does the inner membrane of the mitochondria do?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation
Electron transport system (ETS)
ATP synthase

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10
Q

What does the mitochondria matrix contain?

A

Circular DNA, rna and mitochondrial proteins

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11
Q

Difference between typical mitochondria and those in steroid secreting cells

A

Typical have flat cristae

Steroid have tubular cristae

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12
Q

What does the ER do?

A

Synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids

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13
Q

What occurs in the RER?

A

Protein synthesis through polyribosomes

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14
Q

What is the RER made of?

A

Stacks of flat cisternae

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15
Q

What does the SER do?

A

Synthesizes steroid hormones and phospholipids

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16
Q

What is the SER composed of?

A

Tubular cisternae

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17
Q

What does the cis and trans face of the golgi complex do?

A

Cigs: receives transport vehicle
Trans: forms golgi vesicles

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18
Q

What is the function of the golgi complex?

A

Glycosylation of protein
Lysis of peptides to active forms
Packaging,concentration, and storage of secretory products of ER

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19
Q

What are the types of golgi vesicles?

A
  1. (Incorporation) Vesicles transport newly formed membrane for addition to surface membrane
  2. Lysosomes for intracellular digestion
  3. Secretory vesicles for release of substances to extracellular space by exocytosis
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20
Q

How is a Phagosome formed?

A

Lysosomal endocytosis of extracellular matter

-this is where the lysosome fuses and releases hydrolysis enzymes

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21
Q

What is a residual body?

A

Indigestible matter in a lysosomes

22
Q

What can residual bodies form?

A

Lipofuscin pigment

23
Q

What is a peroxisomes?

A

Small membrane bound vesicles that ooxidize substances in the cytoplasm (i.e. Long chain fatty acids) by removing hydrogen to form hydrogen peroxide

24
Q

What acts on peroxide to prevent cell damage?

A

Catalase

25
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

To provide shape for the cell
Facilitate intracellular transport
Anchoring cells together no to any extracellular matrices

26
Q

What 3 types of filaments make up the cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

27
Q

What makes up microtubules?

A

Formed from alpha and beta subunits of tubulin

28
Q

Where re microtubules found?

A

Found in cilia and in transitory mitotic spindles

29
Q

What are microfilaments?

A

Globular proteins (G-actin) form actin filaments (F-actin) (microfilaments)

30
Q

What do microfilaments form?

A

Filamentos cross-linked mesh work beneath the plasma membrane of a cell

31
Q

What do microfilaments do?

A

Anchor to the cell membrane via transmembranous proteins of the plasma membrane

32
Q

Microfilaments interact with what for contractile forces in muscles?

A

Myosin protein (thick filament)

33
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

The nucleolus, euchromatin and heterochromatin

34
Q

What is the nucleolus for?

A

Formation of ribosomal RNA subunits

35
Q

What is euchromatin?

A

Part of the DNA that actively transcribes

36
Q

What is heterochromatin?

A

Part of the DNA not being transcribed

37
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types?

A

Epithelial

  1. Connective (inc. blood)
  2. Muscle
  3. Nervous
38
Q

What does simple epithelial?

A

1 cel layer thick

39
Q

What is stratified epithelial tissue?

A

More than 1 cell layer thick

40
Q

What shapes can epithelial tissue be?

A

Squamous (flat)
Cuboidal
Columnar

41
Q

What is mesothelium?

A

Covering of si

42
Q

What is microvilli?

A

Surface modification of cells to increase SA for absorption

43
Q

What is the function of a goblet cell?

A

To produce and secrete mucus

44
Q

Some common location for stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Oral cavity
Esophagus
Vagina
Anus

45
Q

What is keratin?

A

Protein that provides a tough waterproof coat to epithelial surface

46
Q

Where an we find stratified squamous keratinized epithelium?

A

Epidermis of skin

47
Q

What is a pseudostratified respiratory epithelium?

A

A single layer but not lol cells reach the free surface

-all cells attach to basement membrane

48
Q

How many different types of cells are found on respiratory epithelium?

A
  1. goblet cell
  2. Ciliated cell
  3. sensory cell
  4. Secretary cell
  5. Basal (Stem) cell
49
Q

What are stereocilia?

A

Long microvilli that function in absorption of fluids

50
Q

Where are pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia found?

A

In the epididymis of the male reproduction system

Histology AUC (20 decks)

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