Cartilage

Question 1

What type of collagen is cartilage made from?

Answer 1

Type 2 collagen

Question 2

Where are cells of cartilage found?

Answer 2

In spaces called Lacunae

Question 3

What are the cell types found in cartilage?

Answer 3

Chrondroblasts

Chrondrocytes

Question 4

What are the physical characteristics of cartilage?

Answer 4

Toughness and flexibility

Question 5

What are the four types of cartilage?

Answer 5

Hyaline (glassy)

Articular (on articular surface)

Fibrocartilage

Elastic

Question 6

Is cartilage a vascular tissue?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Where do the cels of cartilage get their nutrients from?

Answer 7

From diffusion of nutrients no oxygen fro the vascularized perichondrium (outer layer)

Question 8

Where do nutrients diffuse through ?

Answer 8

The ground substance

Question 9

When can pathology occur in cartilage?

Answer 9

When central cells die (e.g. Due to lack of diffusion) and the matrix calcified

Question 10

What kind of repair occurs in cartilage?

Answer 10

Incomplete repair

Question 11

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 11

Tracheal and bronchial rings

Epiphyseal plates

Larynx

Costal cartilage

Auditory tube

Question 12

Where is articular cartilage found?

Answer 12

At joints, it is a special type of hyaline cartilage (has no perichondrium)

Forms a surface contact between bones

Question 13

How is articular cartilage maintained?

Answer 13

Synovial fluid provides it with nutrients

Question 14

How are collagen fibers oriented in articular cartilage?

Answer 14

Perpendicular to the surface (resisting compression)

Ends of collage fibers are bent to form a wear-resistant surface

Question 15

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 15

Intervertebral disc

Pubic symphysis

Question 16

What are the characteristics for fibrocartilage?

Answer 16

Type I collage is mixed with type II collagen (similar to hyaline)

Has no perichondrium

Question 17

Describe the fibrocartilage of the intervertebral disk

Answer 17

Annulus fibrosis forms a ‘doughnut rim’ of type I collagen

Nucleus pulposis forms a core of soft tissue

Question 18

What is a slipped disk in the IVD?

Answer 18

When the annulus break, the pulposis protrudes through the break and can impinge on the spinal cord or spinal nerve to cause pain and other problems

Question 19

What are some of the characteristics of elastic cartilage?

Answer 19

Many elastic fibers

Type II collagen

Flexible and bend without breaking

Question 20

Where is elastic cartilage found?>

Answer 20

Pinnae of the ears

Epiglottis

Nose

Question 21

How does cartilage form?

Answer 21

Mesenchymal cells (stem cells) produce fibroblasts and chondroblasts (protochondral first)

Collagen fibers produced by those cells form a pose network in the membrane

Question 22

What kind of growth is seen in cartilage in the center?

Answer 22

Interstitial growth

Question 23

Where do fibroblasts make the fibrous perichondrium?

Answer 23

At the edge of cartilage

Question 24

What kind of growth do fibroblast exhibit?

Answer 24

Appositional growth

Question 25

In mature cartilage what kind of growth only occurs?

Answer 25

Appositional

Question 26

What is interstitial growth?

Answer 26

Cell division and matrix production within cartilage while it is still soft

Question 27

What is appositional growth

Answer 27

Occurs from cells in the cellular perichondrium;
New cells and matrix are added onto the outside of cartilage

This type of growth continues into adulthood