Respiratory System Flashcards
What does the conducting portion of the respiratory system do?
Conducts, filters, worms , humidifies air, and is involved in speech
What does the respiratory portion of the respiratory system do?
Gas exchange
Describe the the journey of air.
Outside -> conducting zone: nasalcavity -> nasopharynx -> oropharynx -> larynx -> trachea,vocal cords ->main-primary bronchi -> lobar-2* bronchi -> segmental-3* bronchi-> terminal bronchi -> respiratory zone: respiratory bronchi -> alveolar duct -> alveolar sac -> alveoli
What are lungs lined with?
Visceral and parietal pleura with the pleural cavity in between them
What are swell bodies within turbinate bone?
Large venous plexuses within nasal cavity
Respiratory epithelium lines all air passages except?
Vestibule of nose, olfactory organ, vocal cords, and respiratory zone
What kind of epithelium does the vestibule of the nose have?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What ind of epithelium is respiratory epithelium?
Pseudostraified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
What do goblet cells do?
Secrete mucous that traps particles and pathogens
What moves the mucous up to the mouth where it can be swallowed or spat out?
Cilia
What are the layers of the trachea?
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Cartilage Serosa/adventitia
What are the properties of the mucosa of the trachea?
Has respiratory epithelium
Lamina propia has many elastic fibers
What are the characteristics of the submucosa of the trachea?
Loose areolar CT with many mixed and serous glands
What are the characteristics of the cartilage of the trachea?
~20 C shaped hyaline cartilage rings and open part is posteriorly
Smooth muscle connects the ends of the C cartilage
What kind of cartilage is the C-shaped cartilage?
Hyaline
What are the characteristics of the serosa/adventitia of the trachea?
Loose fibroelastic CT
Blood vessels and nerves
What do bronchi split into and how many on each side?
Into 3 secondary bronchi on the right and 2 on the left
What do the secondary bronchi divide into?
Into tertiary (segmental) bronchi.
3-2-5 on the right and 5-5- on the left
What are the layers of the bronchi?
Same as trachea: Mucosa Submucosa Musculris externa Cartilage Serosa/adventitia
Note: cartilage is not C shaped and still doesn’t go all the way around (segmented)
What part of the respiratory system is < 1 mm in diameter and has no cartilage or gland and have little CT?
Bronchioles
Note: it has a prominent layer of smooth muscle
What do the clara cells in the bronchioles do?
Secrete lipoprotein to recent luminal adhesion and clara cell (CC16) that protects against infection
What thin tubes are discontinuous wall and open into alveolar sacs?
Alveolar duct
What kind of epithelium do alveolar ducts have?
Cuboidal epithelium and smooth muscle
What is the atrium of an alveolar duct?
Is the space between the end of an alveolar duct and the alveolar sacs
How can you distinguish a bronchi from trachea on a microscope slide?
The muscularis externa is internal to the cartilage in the bronchi
What are alveolar sacs?
Clusters of alveoli
What kind of epithelium does the alveoli have?
Thin wall of just simple squamous epithelium and basement membrane
What are alveolar pores?
Connections between leveling to prevent atelectasis (incomplete expansion)
What is the interalveolar septum?
The area between adjacent alveoli
What are the two types of cells in the interalveolar septum?
Type I pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes
What kind of cells are type I pneumocytes?
Simple squamous epithelium connected by desmosomes
What kind of cells are type II pneumocytes?
Cuboidal cells in between type I
They secrete surfactant which lines the alveoli to preven it from collapsing and to aid in recoil
What do type II pneumocytes secrete?
They secrete surfactant which lines the alveoli to preven it from collapsing and to aid in recoil
What forms the air-blood barrier in the interalveolar septum?
A capillary network along with the 2 types of cells
What are the characteristic of the air-blood barrier?
2 cells thick (1 from type I pneumocyte and 1 from the epithelium of the capillary)
2 basement membrane thick (1 from each, capillary and pneumocytes type I)
What are dust cells?
Pulmonary macrophages found in the interalveolar septum
What dust cells derived from?
Monocytes
What kind of epithelium is found is the olfactory epithelium ?
Psudostratified columnar with 3 kinds of cells
- supporting cells
- basal cells
- olfactory cells
What are the characteristics of the supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium?
They have microvilli
Secrete odorant binding proteins needed to bind to receptors
What are the characteristics of the basal cells in the olfactory organ?
Single layer of small cells between bases of supporting cells that can differentiate into different cells
What are the characteristics of olfactory cells within the olfactory epithelium?
Have apical dendrite that extends to the surface
Have non-motile cilia to increase S.A. And bind odorants better
Basal unmyelinated axons with Schwann cells that enter the olfactory nerve
What serous excretions does the gland of bow man secrete?
Mucous and watery secretions:
Solvents for odorants
Moisten the epithelium
Washes the area
What kind of gland is bowmans gland?
A serous gland
What does gland of bowman secret to help olfactory cells?
Odorants binding protein that are neeeded to bind to receptors
