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Histology AUC > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the conducting portion of the respiratory system do?

A

Conducts, filters, worms , humidifies air, and is involved in speech

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2
Q

What does the respiratory portion of the respiratory system do?

A

Gas exchange

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3
Q

Describe the the journey of air.

A

Outside -> conducting zone: nasalcavity -> nasopharynx -> oropharynx -> larynx -> trachea,vocal cords ->main-primary bronchi -> lobar-2* bronchi -> segmental-3* bronchi-> terminal bronchi -> respiratory zone: respiratory bronchi -> alveolar duct -> alveolar sac -> alveoli

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4
Q

What are lungs lined with?

A

Visceral and parietal pleura with the pleural cavity in between them

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5
Q

What are swell bodies within turbinate bone?

A

Large venous plexuses within nasal cavity

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6
Q

Respiratory epithelium lines all air passages except?

A

Vestibule of nose, olfactory organ, vocal cords, and respiratory zone

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7
Q

What kind of epithelium does the vestibule of the nose have?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

What ind of epithelium is respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostraified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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9
Q

What do goblet cells do?

A

Secrete mucous that traps particles and pathogens

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10
Q

What moves the mucous up to the mouth where it can be swallowed or spat out?

A

Cilia

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11
Q

What are the layers of the trachea?

A 
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa 
Cartilage
Serosa/adventitia
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12
Q

What are the properties of the mucosa of the trachea?

A

Has respiratory epithelium

Lamina propia has many elastic fibers

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the submucosa of the trachea?

A

Loose areolar CT with many mixed and serous glands

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the cartilage of the trachea?

A

~20 C shaped hyaline cartilage rings and open part is posteriorly

Smooth muscle connects the ends of the C cartilage

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15
Q

What kind of cartilage is the C-shaped cartilage?

A

Hyaline

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the serosa/adventitia of the trachea?

A

Loose fibroelastic CT

Blood vessels and nerves

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17
Q

What do bronchi split into and how many on each side?

A

Into 3 secondary bronchi on the right and 2 on the left

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18
Q

What do the secondary bronchi divide into?

A

Into tertiary (segmental) bronchi.

3-2-5 on the right and 5-5- on the left

19
Q

What are the layers of the bronchi?

A 
Same as trachea:
Mucosa
Submucosa
Musculris externa
Cartilage
Serosa/adventitia

Note: cartilage is not C shaped and still doesn’t go all the way around (segmented)

20
Q

What part of the respiratory system is < 1 mm in diameter and has no cartilage or gland and have little CT?

A

Bronchioles

Note: it has a prominent layer of smooth muscle

21
Q

What do the clara cells in the bronchioles do?

A

Secrete lipoprotein to recent luminal adhesion and clara cell (CC16) that protects against infection

22
Q

What thin tubes are discontinuous wall and open into alveolar sacs?

A

Alveolar duct

23
Q

What kind of epithelium do alveolar ducts have?

A

Cuboidal epithelium and smooth muscle

24
Q

What is the atrium of an alveolar duct?

A

Is the space between the end of an alveolar duct and the alveolar sacs

25
Q

How can you distinguish a bronchi from trachea on a microscope slide?

A

The muscularis externa is internal to the cartilage in the bronchi

26
Q

What are alveolar sacs?

A

Clusters of alveoli

27
Q

What kind of epithelium does the alveoli have?

A

Thin wall of just simple squamous epithelium and basement membrane

28
Q

What are alveolar pores?

A

Connections between leveling to prevent atelectasis (incomplete expansion)

29
Q

What is the interalveolar septum?

A

The area between adjacent alveoli

30
Q

What are the two types of cells in the interalveolar septum?

A

Type I pneumocytes

Type II pneumocytes

31
Q

What kind of cells are type I pneumocytes?

A

Simple squamous epithelium connected by desmosomes

32
Q

What kind of cells are type II pneumocytes?

A

Cuboidal cells in between type I

They secrete surfactant which lines the alveoli to preven it from collapsing and to aid in recoil

33
Q

What do type II pneumocytes secrete?

A

They secrete surfactant which lines the alveoli to preven it from collapsing and to aid in recoil

34
Q

What forms the air-blood barrier in the interalveolar septum?

A

A capillary network along with the 2 types of cells

35
Q

What are the characteristic of the air-blood barrier?

A

2 cells thick (1 from type I pneumocyte and 1 from the epithelium of the capillary)

2 basement membrane thick (1 from each, capillary and pneumocytes type I)

36
Q

What are dust cells?

A

Pulmonary macrophages found in the interalveolar septum

37
Q

What dust cells derived from?

A

Monocytes

38
Q

What kind of epithelium is found is the olfactory epithelium ?

A

Psudostratified columnar with 3 kinds of cells

  • supporting cells
  • basal cells
  • olfactory cells
39
Q

What are the characteristics of the supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium?

A

They have microvilli

Secrete odorant binding proteins needed to bind to receptors

40
Q

What are the characteristics of the basal cells in the olfactory organ?

A

Single layer of small cells between bases of supporting cells that can differentiate into different cells

41
Q

What are the characteristics of olfactory cells within the olfactory epithelium?

A

Have apical dendrite that extends to the surface

Have non-motile cilia to increase S.A. And bind odorants better

Basal unmyelinated axons with Schwann cells that enter the olfactory nerve

42
Q

What serous excretions does the gland of bow man secrete?

A

Mucous and watery secretions:

Solvents for odorants
Moisten the epithelium
Washes the area

43
Q

What kind of gland is bowmans gland?

A

A serous gland

44
Q

What does gland of bowman secret to help olfactory cells?

A

Odorants binding protein that are neeeded to bind to receptors

Histology AUC (20 decks)

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