Respiratory System

Question 1

What does the conducting portion of the respiratory system do?

Answer 1

Conducts, filters, worms , humidifies air, and is involved in speech

Question 2

What does the respiratory portion of the respiratory system do?

Answer 2

Gas exchange

Question 3

Describe the the journey of air.

Answer 3

Outside -> conducting zone: nasalcavity -> nasopharynx -> oropharynx -> larynx -> trachea,vocal cords ->main-primary bronchi -> lobar-2* bronchi -> segmental-3* bronchi-> terminal bronchi -> respiratory zone: respiratory bronchi -> alveolar duct -> alveolar sac -> alveoli

Question 4

What are lungs lined with?

Answer 4

Visceral and parietal pleura with the pleural cavity in between them

Question 5

What are swell bodies within turbinate bone?

Answer 5

Large venous plexuses within nasal cavity

Question 6

Respiratory epithelium lines all air passages except?

Answer 6

Vestibule of nose, olfactory organ, vocal cords, and respiratory zone

Question 7

What kind of epithelium does the vestibule of the nose have?

Answer 7

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

What ind of epithelium is respiratory epithelium?

Answer 8

Pseudostraified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 9

What do goblet cells do?

Answer 9

Secrete mucous that traps particles and pathogens

Question 10

What moves the mucous up to the mouth where it can be swallowed or spat out?

Answer 10

Cilia

Question 11

What are the layers of the trachea?

Answer 11

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa 
Cartilage
Serosa/adventitia

Question 12

What are the properties of the mucosa of the trachea?

Answer 12

Has respiratory epithelium

Lamina propia has many elastic fibers

Question 13

What are the characteristics of the submucosa of the trachea?

Answer 13

Loose areolar CT with many mixed and serous glands

Question 14

What are the characteristics of the cartilage of the trachea?

Answer 14

~20 C shaped hyaline cartilage rings and open part is posteriorly

Smooth muscle connects the ends of the C cartilage

Question 15

What kind of cartilage is the C-shaped cartilage?

Answer 15

Hyaline

Question 16

What are the characteristics of the serosa/adventitia of the trachea?

Answer 16

Loose fibroelastic CT

Blood vessels and nerves

Question 17

What do bronchi split into and how many on each side?

Answer 17

Into 3 secondary bronchi on the right and 2 on the left

Question 18

What do the secondary bronchi divide into?

Answer 18

Into tertiary (segmental) bronchi.

3-2-5 on the right and 5-5- on the left

Question 19

What are the layers of the bronchi?

Answer 19

Same as trachea:
Mucosa
Submucosa
Musculris externa
Cartilage
Serosa/adventitia 

Note: cartilage is not C shaped and still doesn’t go all the way around (segmented)

Question 20

What part of the respiratory system is < 1 mm in diameter and has no cartilage or gland and have little CT?

Answer 20

Bronchioles

Note: it has a prominent layer of smooth muscle

Question 21

What do the clara cells in the bronchioles do?

Answer 21

Secrete lipoprotein to recent luminal adhesion and clara cell (CC16) that protects against infection

Question 22

What thin tubes are discontinuous wall and open into alveolar sacs?

Answer 22

Alveolar duct

Question 23

What kind of epithelium do alveolar ducts have?

Answer 23

Cuboidal epithelium and smooth muscle

Question 24

What is the atrium of an alveolar duct?

Answer 24

Is the space between the end of an alveolar duct and the alveolar sacs

Question 25

How can you distinguish a bronchi from trachea on a microscope slide?

Answer 25

The muscularis externa is internal to the cartilage in the bronchi

Question 26

What are alveolar sacs?

Answer 26

Clusters of alveoli

Question 27

What kind of epithelium does the alveoli have?

Answer 27

Thin wall of just simple squamous epithelium and basement membrane

Question 28

What are alveolar pores?

Answer 28

Connections between leveling to prevent atelectasis (incomplete expansion)

Question 29

What is the interalveolar septum?

Answer 29

The area between adjacent alveoli

Question 30

What are the two types of cells in the interalveolar septum?

Answer 30

Type I pneumocytes Type II pneumocytes

Question 31

What kind of cells are type I pneumocytes?

Answer 31

Simple squamous epithelium connected by desmosomes

Question 32

What kind of cells are type II pneumocytes?

Answer 32

Cuboidal cells in between type I They secrete surfactant which lines the alveoli to preven it from collapsing and to aid in recoil

Question 33

What do type II pneumocytes secrete?

Answer 33

They secrete surfactant which lines the alveoli to preven it from collapsing and to aid in recoil

Question 34

What forms the air-blood barrier in the interalveolar septum?

Answer 34

A capillary network along with the 2 types of cells

Question 35

What are the characteristic of the air-blood barrier?

Answer 35

2 cells thick (1 from type I pneumocyte and 1 from the epithelium of the capillary) 2 basement membrane thick (1 from each, capillary and pneumocytes type I)

Question 36

What are dust cells?

Answer 36

Pulmonary macrophages found in the interalveolar septum

Question 37

What dust cells derived from?

Answer 37

Monocytes

Question 38

What kind of epithelium is found is the olfactory epithelium ?

Answer 38

Psudostratified columnar with 3 kinds of cells - supporting cells - basal cells - olfactory cells

Question 39

What are the characteristics of the supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 39

They have microvilli Secrete odorant binding proteins needed to bind to receptors

Question 40

What are the characteristics of the basal cells in the olfactory organ?

Answer 40

Single layer of small cells between bases of supporting cells that can differentiate into different cells

Question 41

What are the characteristics of olfactory cells within the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 41

Have apical dendrite that extends to the surface Have non-motile cilia to increase S.A. And bind odorants better Basal unmyelinated axons with Schwann cells that enter the olfactory nerve

Question 42

What serous excretions does the gland of bow man secrete?

Answer 42

Mucous and watery secretions: Solvents for odorants Moisten the epithelium Washes the area

Question 43

What kind of gland is bowmans gland?

Answer 43

A serous gland

Question 44

What does gland of bowman secret to help olfactory cells?

Answer 44

Odorants binding protein that are neeeded to bind to receptors