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Histology AUC > Connective Tissues > Flashcards

Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of connective tissues?

A

Ground substance
Extracellular fibers
Cellular elements

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2
Q

What is the ground substance?

A

Matrix that allows diffusion and binds fibers and other elements together

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3
Q

What is the ground substance composed of?

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
Water
Calcium in bone

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4
Q

What are the purpose of extracellular fibers in CT?

A

To provide strength and flexibility

-they will either be collagen or elastin

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the cellular elements in ct?

A

To secrete fibers and ground substance

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6
Q

Name the sulfate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

A

Heparan sulfate
Dermatan sulfate
Keratin sulfate
Chondroitin sulfate

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7
Q

Name the non-sulfate GAGs

A

Hyaluronic acid

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8
Q

What are glycosaminoglycans GAGs?

A

Polysaccharides made from disaccharide subunits

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9
Q

What is a proteoglycan?

A

Polysaccharide attached to a protein

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10
Q

What synthesis ground substance?

A

Fibroblast
Osteoblasts
Chondroblass
Adipocytes

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11
Q

What is the function of the ground substance?

A
  • negatively charged to maximize volume/ trap water/ bind to collagen for strength
  • matrix for cells and blood vessels and a diffusion medium for nutrients
  • enable tissues to withstand compression
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12
Q

Which collagen is the only one that stains with H and E?

A

Type I

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13
Q

Which collagen form distinctive banded fibrils in electron micrograph?

A

1,2,3,5,11

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14
Q

What is collagen?

A

A major fiber component of CT with great tensile strength

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15
Q

What secrete collagen?

A

Fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondroblasts, adipocytes

-same as ground substance

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16
Q

What are some characteristics of type I collagen?

A

Stains with H and E (unique)
Forms large fibers
In loose and dense irregular ct, tendons, ligaments, bone and fat
-made by fibroblasts, osteoblasts and adipocytes

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17
Q

What are some characteristics of type 2 collagen?

A

Only found in cartilage

Made by chondroblasts

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18
Q

What collagen forms reticular fibers?

A

Type 3 collagen

19
Q

What does type 3 collagen do?

A

Forms a supporting framework for bone marrow, lymph glands, spleen and thymus

(Component of basement membranes)

20
Q

What makes type 3 collagen?

A

Fibroblasts

21
Q

Minor collagen types

A

Place holder

22
Q

Collagen in basal lamina

A

Place holder

23
Q

Where is elastin found?

A

Loose and dense irregular CT (esp. skin), elastic cartilage and some ligaments

24
Q

What secretes elastin?

A

Fibroblasts secret as proelastin which then assemble on secreted fibrillin fibrils

25
Q

Where is elastin secreted without fibrillin to form elastic sheets instead of fibers?

A

Smooth muscle cells in the arteries

26
Q

What are the characteristics of loose irregular (areolar) CT?

A

Abundant ground substance with few fibers and variable cell numbers

  • contain many capillaries
  • contains many immune cells to fight bacteria
27
Q

What facilitates waste and nutrient exhange with capillaries in loose irregular CT?

A

Diffusion in ground substance

28
Q

What forms the fluid in the ground substance?

A

Formed by transcytosis of fluid through capillary endothelial cells

29
Q

Where are CT cells derived from? (What is the embryonic cell)

A

Mesenchyme

30
Q

What is mesenchyme?

A

The stem cell of many tissues in the body

??? Look at slide

31
Q

What kind of cells can mesenchyme make?

A

Fat

  • loose and dense CT
  • blood vessels and organs (smooth)
  • blood vessel lining (endothelium)
  • mesothelium
  • cartilage
  • bone
32
Q

What are active cells usually called?(fibro)

A

…..blasts

These cells have oval nucle and are motile

33
Q

What are inactive cells called?(fibro)

A

Cytes

They have spindle-shaped basophils nuclei and are attached to collagen 1 fibers

34
Q

What do fibroblast/cyte do?

A

Produce and maintain collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans

35
Q

Where are the cells derive from hematopoietic stem cells found?

A

In loose or dense irregular ct

These are cells of the immune system and are involved in inflammation

36
Q

What cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells?

A 
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
B no T lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Macrophages
Mast cells

Osteoclasts in bone

37
Q

Describe White “unilocular” fat

A

Large cells

Function to store and release energy
Fat is stored as a single triglyceride droplet free in the cytoplasm

can increase during periods of estrogen hormonal change (puberty) or high fat intake

38
Q

What do chylomicrons do?

A

Absorb small lips droplets from ingested lipids (after being broken down).

39
Q

Where does lipid absorption occur in intestine?

A

Lipid absorption in enterocyte of intestine epithelium

40
Q

What promotes the storage of fat?

A

Estrogen- increases ft storage (difference in sex)

Insulin- promotes fat storage and uptake of glucose

41
Q

What controls the release of fat from storage?

A

Epinephrine (adrenalin) - promotes fat release (as fatty acids and glycerol)

Norepinephrine (noradrenalin)- promotes fat release

42
Q

What is hypertrophic obesity?

A

Due to enlargement of adipocytes

43
Q

What is hyperplastic obesity?

A

Due to increase in adipocytes numbers (hyperplasia)

44
Q

What are the attributes of brown fat?(Multilocular)

A

Themogenesis in infants

In neck, back, and around organs to maintain temperature

Massive blood supply
Large, abundant mitochondria

Color comes from blood in capillaries as well as mitochondrial cytochromes

Highest metabolic capacity in the body

Reverts to unilocular precursor cell before 10 years of age

Histology AUC (20 decks)

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