Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

What does the soma of a neuron contain?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (called Nissl substance or Nissl bodies)

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2
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Transmit information towards the soma

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3
Q

What do axons do?

A

Arise from the axon hillock and transmit information away from the soma

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of dendrites?

A
Many per cell
Irregular profiles (dendritic spines)
Tapered
Highly branched
Not myelinated
Contains ribosomes and RER
More neurotubules than neurofilaments
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of axons?

A
One per cell
Smooth profiles
Uniform diameter
Relatively straight
Few branches
Often myelinated
No RER, ribosomes
More neurotubules
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6
Q

What are neuroglia?

A

Support cells of the CNS/PNS

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7
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Form the myelin sheath

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8
Q

What are the two type of astrocytes?

A

Fibrous astrocytes

protoplasmic astrocytes

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9
Q

Where are fibrous astrocytes?

A

Between myelinated nerve fibers (white matter)

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10
Q

Where are protoplasmic astrocytes?

A

Surround sonata and dendrites (grey matter) and participate in metabolic exchange

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11
Q

Where are ependymal cells?

A

Ependymal cells line brain vesicles

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12
Q

What do microglial cells do?

A

Act as brain macrophages

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13
Q

What do schwann cells do in the PNS?

A

Form the myelin sheath

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14
Q

What do satellite cells do in the PNS?

A

Surround somata in ganglia

Equivalent of astrocytes in the CNS

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15
Q

What’s the main function of astrocytes?

A

Structural support, repair processes, blood brain barrier, metabolic exchange

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16
Q

What is the blood brain diffusion barrier (BBB)?

A

A specialized endothelium lining blood vessel lumens in the CNS

17
Q

How is the BBB protected from large molecules?

A

Tight junctions occur between endothelial cells to form a diffusion barrier to large molecules

18
Q

What proceses does the BBB to move specific cells across the barrier?

A

Active endo- and exocytosis vesicle pathways for specific transport

19
Q

What regions of the brain do not have BBB?

A

Choroid plexus (CSF production), pituitary gland, pineal gland and other ‘circumventricular’ organs

20
Q

Axons in the PNS are bundled into?

21
Q

Individual axons with their swan cells are surrounded by?

A

Endoneurium

22
Q

What is endoneurium?

A

Connective tissue containing collagen fibers, fibroblasts and mast cells

23
Q

What are fascicles surround by in the PNS?

A

Perineurium

24
Q

What doe the perineurium help to establish?

A

A peripheral blood-nerve diffusion barrier

25
What does the perineurium actively transport?
Nutrients in | Waste out
26
What kind of cells are in the perineurium?
Stratified squamous layer of ct each decent cell fused by tight junctions
27
The perineurium can become thicker containing collagen and actin fibers giving it the ability to?
Contract
28
Epineurium can often be associated with what kind of tissue?
Adipose tissue
29
What is anterograde (Wallerian) degeneration in PNS?
Atonal degeneration distal to the injury site