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Histology AUC > Integumentum > Flashcards

Integumentum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the skin?

A 
Barrier
Water/temperature homeostasis
PNS receptor
Vitamin D production
Excretion
Immunologic function
Endocrine
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2
Q

How many layers in the epidermis of thick skin?

A

Five layer
Thick S. cornermen;
Thick S. granulosom

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3
Q

What kind of skin has hair follicles and where?

A

Thin: Most areas, except lips, labia minora, glans penis

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4
Q

What are the glands of thick skin?

A

No sebaceous glands

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5
Q

What are the glands of thin skin?

A

Many sebaceous glands

Fewer eccrine sweat glands

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6
Q

What kind of skin has more sensory receptors?

A

Thick

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7
Q

Where is thick skin located?

A

Palms of the hands

Soles of the feet

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8
Q

Where is thin skin located?

A

Entire body except thick skin areas

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9
Q

What is an arrest or pili muscle?

A

Force sebum out of sebaceous gland

Creates an acidic muscles

Erects hair

Smooth muscle

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10
Q

What kind of secretion do sebaceous glands have?

A

Holocrine

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11
Q

What kind of secretion do excreciones sweat glands have?

A

Merocrine

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12
Q

Where is the supply of the skin located?

A

In the dermis and epidermis

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13
Q

Where are the subpapillary plexus, cutaneous plexus, and subcutaneous plexus located?

A
  1. In papillary layer of Dermis
  2. In dermis
  3. In hypodermis
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14
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary layer composed of loose CT

Reticular layer composed of dense irregular CT

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15
Q

What are the layers of thick skin?

A

Superficial

  1. Stratum corneum (largest and cells without nuclei(
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum Basale
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16
Q

Where re the desmosomes located in the thick skin?

A

Stratum spinosum

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17
Q

When is it a big deal for cancer cell on the skin?

A

Whenever they break through the basement membrane

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18
Q

What layer of the skin has hemidesmosomes and is connected to the basal lamina?

A

The stratum basale ( they have cuboidal cells)

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19
Q

What are keratinocytes (prickle cells)?

A

Cells that become skin

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20
Q

What is pemphigus vulgaris?

A

An autoimmune disease of desmosomes

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21
Q

What happens in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Autoantibodies target desmosomes protein

Blisters form in mouth and skin

Treated with oral corticosteroid

22
Q

What happens in the stratum basale?

A

Contains mitotically active stem cells

Keratin 5 and 14

Hemidesmosomes and desmosomes

23
Q

What happens in stratum spinosum?

A

Cells start to differentiate from stratum basale

Keratin 1 and 10

Desmosomes

24
Q

What happens in stratum granulosom?

A

Lamellae bodies (lipids)

Keratohyaline granules (filaggrin, involucran, loricrin)

Desmosomes

25
Q

What’s in the stratum lucidum and corneum?

A

Proteins deposited on inside of plasma membrane form the cornfield cell envelope

Extrusion of lipid from lamellar bodies forms water permeability barrier

Keratinocytes undergo apoptosis

26
Q

How does skin pigmentation occur?

A

(For melanocytes)

  1. Premelanosomes contain melanin derived from DOPA
  2. Melanosomes with mature melanin are transported along microtubules in melanocytes processes (dendrite)
  3. Keratinocytes internalize melanin granules by phagocytizings tips of melanocytes processes
27
Q

What is lentigo simplex?

A

Local increased number of melanocytes

28
Q

What are ephelis?

A

(Freckles)

Increased melanin production

29
Q

What are melanocytic nevus?

A

(Moles)

Pigmented growth of melanocytes

30
Q

What are Verruca vulgaris?

A

(Common warts)

Thickening of S corneum and spinosum due to HPV (papilloma)

31
Q

What are the 3 types of common skin tumors?

A
  1. Squamous cell carcinoma
  2. Melanoma
  3. Basal cell carcinoma
32
Q

Where are langerhans cells?

A

In the stratum spinosum

33
Q

What do Langerhans cells do?

A

Are dentritic antigen presenting cells derived from monocytes

After phagocytizing antigen they leave the epidermis and migrate to lymph nodes to present antigen to T lymphocytes. They have rod-shaped Birbeck granules (grab antigen) containing antigen-trapping lectins

34
Q

Where are merkel cells located?

A

In the stratum basale, they resemble modified karatinocytes

35
Q

What are merkel cells?

A

Mechanoreceptors cells connecting to unmyelinated nerve fibers. The nucleus is irregularly shaped and the cytoplasm contains abundant vesicles containing neurotransmitter.

36
Q

What do free nerve endings feel?

A

Temperature

37
Q

What do pacinian corpuscle feel?

A

Deep Pressure, vibration

38
Q

What do Ruffini corpuscles feel?

A

Stretch and torque

39
Q

What do Meissner’s corpuscle feel?

A

Touch receptors
Dermal papillae, thick skin

Note: in papillary layer of hairless skin
Unmyelinated nerve fibers surround by Schwann cells

40
Q

What does a merkel cell feel?

A

It’s a mechanoreceptor in thick skin

41
Q

How do pacinian corpuscles look like?

A

Ovoid, encapsulated, over 1 mm in size
Concentric Lamellae of Schwann cells
Central nerve fibers

42
Q

What kind of secretion do eccrine sweat glands have?

A

Merocrine secretion and are simple tubular in design

43
Q

What kind of secretion do sebaceous glands have?

A

Holocrine secretion

44
Q

What kind of secretion do apocrine sweat glands have?

A

Merocrine secretion a simple tubular duct

45
Q

Where is NaCl absorbed in an eccrine sweat gland?

A

In the resorptive duct

46
Q

Where are apocrine sweat glands located?

A

Axilla, mons pubis circumanal

Opens into hair follicle

47
Q

When does apocrine sweat gland activity start?

A

Art puberty

48
Q

Why does apocrine sweat gland produce a smell?

A

Odor is produced by bacterial breakdown of secretion

49
Q

What are the characteristics of sebum secreting cells

A

Store oily secretion
Undergo apoptosis
Release sebum by disintegrating

50
Q

What does 5 Fluorouracil topical treatment do?

A

Inhibits DNA replication in neoplastic cells

51
Q

What pathway does 5 fluorouracil take in order to inhibit DNA replication?

A

5FU inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthase

Thymidilate synthase enables Deocyuridine to be converted to thymidine

Thymidine is a nucleoside required for DNA replication

Histology AUC (20 decks)

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