Integumentum

Question 1

What is the function of the skin?

Answer 1

Barrier
Water/temperature homeostasis
PNS receptor
Vitamin D production
Excretion
Immunologic function
Endocrine

Question 2

How many layers in the epidermis of thick skin?

Answer 2

Five layer
Thick S. cornermen;
Thick S. granulosom

Question 3

What kind of skin has hair follicles and where?

Answer 3

Thin: Most areas, except lips, labia minora, glans penis

Question 4

What are the glands of thick skin?

Answer 4

No sebaceous glands

Question 5

What are the glands of thin skin?

Answer 5

Many sebaceous glands

Fewer eccrine sweat glands

Question 6

What kind of skin has more sensory receptors?

Answer 6

Thick

Question 7

Where is thick skin located?

Answer 7

Palms of the hands

Soles of the feet

Question 8

Where is thin skin located?

Answer 8

Entire body except thick skin areas

Question 9

What is an arrest or pili muscle?

Answer 9

Force sebum out of sebaceous gland

Creates an acidic muscles

Erects hair

Smooth muscle

Question 10

What kind of secretion do sebaceous glands have?

Answer 10

Holocrine

Question 11

What kind of secretion do excreciones sweat glands have?

Answer 11

Merocrine

Question 12

Where is the supply of the skin located?

Answer 12

In the dermis and epidermis

Question 13

Where are the subpapillary plexus, cutaneous plexus, and subcutaneous plexus located?

Answer 13

1. In papillary layer of Dermis
2. In dermis
3. In hypodermis

Question 14

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 14

Papillary layer composed of loose CT

Reticular layer composed of dense irregular CT

Question 15

What are the layers of thick skin?

Answer 15

Superficial

1. Stratum corneum (largest and cells without nuclei(
2. Stratum lucidum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum spinosum
5. Stratum Basale

Question 16

Where re the desmosomes located in the thick skin?

Answer 16

Stratum spinosum

Question 17

When is it a big deal for cancer cell on the skin?

Answer 17

Whenever they break through the basement membrane

Question 18

What layer of the skin has hemidesmosomes and is connected to the basal lamina?

Answer 18

The stratum basale ( they have cuboidal cells)

Question 19

What are keratinocytes (prickle cells)?

Answer 19

Cells that become skin

Question 20

What is pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 20

An autoimmune disease of desmosomes

Question 21

What happens in pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 21

Autoantibodies target desmosomes protein

Blisters form in mouth and skin

Treated with oral corticosteroid

Question 22

What happens in the stratum basale?

Answer 22

Contains mitotically active stem cells

Keratin 5 and 14

Hemidesmosomes and desmosomes

Question 23

What happens in stratum spinosum?

Answer 23

Cells start to differentiate from stratum basale

Keratin 1 and 10

Desmosomes

Question 24

What happens in stratum granulosom?

Answer 24

Lamellae bodies (lipids)

Keratohyaline granules (filaggrin, involucran, loricrin)

Desmosomes

Question 25

What's in the stratum lucidum and corneum?

Answer 25

Proteins deposited on inside of plasma membrane form the cornfield cell envelope Extrusion of lipid from lamellar bodies forms water permeability barrier Keratinocytes undergo apoptosis

Question 26

How does skin pigmentation occur?

Answer 26

(For melanocytes) 1. Premelanosomes contain melanin derived from DOPA 2. Melanosomes with mature melanin are transported along microtubules in melanocytes processes (dendrite) 3. Keratinocytes internalize melanin granules by phagocytizings tips of melanocytes processes

Question 27

What is lentigo simplex?

Answer 27

Local increased number of melanocytes

Question 28

What are ephelis?

Answer 28

(Freckles) | Increased melanin production

Question 29

What are melanocytic nevus?

Answer 29

(Moles) Pigmented growth of melanocytes

Question 30

What are Verruca vulgaris?

Answer 30

(Common warts) Thickening of S corneum and spinosum due to HPV (papilloma)

Question 31

What are the 3 types of common skin tumors?

Answer 31

1. Squamous cell carcinoma 2. Melanoma 3. Basal cell carcinoma

Question 32

Where are langerhans cells?

Answer 32

In the stratum spinosum

Question 33

What do Langerhans cells do?

Answer 33

Are dentritic antigen presenting cells derived from monocytes After phagocytizing antigen they leave the epidermis and migrate to lymph nodes to present antigen to T lymphocytes. They have rod-shaped Birbeck granules (grab antigen) containing antigen-trapping lectins

Question 34

Where are merkel cells located?

Answer 34

In the stratum basale, they resemble modified karatinocytes

Question 35

What are merkel cells?

Answer 35

Mechanoreceptors cells connecting to unmyelinated nerve fibers. The nucleus is irregularly shaped and the cytoplasm contains abundant vesicles containing neurotransmitter.

Question 36

What do free nerve endings feel?

Answer 36

Temperature

Question 37

What do pacinian corpuscle feel?

Answer 37

Deep Pressure, vibration

Question 38

What do Ruffini corpuscles feel?

Answer 38

Stretch and torque

Question 39

What do Meissner's corpuscle feel?

Answer 39

Touch receptors Dermal papillae, thick skin Note: in papillary layer of hairless skin Unmyelinated nerve fibers surround by Schwann cells

Question 40

What does a merkel cell feel?

Answer 40

It's a mechanoreceptor in thick skin

Question 41

How do pacinian corpuscles look like?

Answer 41

Ovoid, encapsulated, over 1 mm in size Concentric Lamellae of Schwann cells Central nerve fibers

Question 42

What kind of secretion do eccrine sweat glands have?

Answer 42

Merocrine secretion and are simple tubular in design

Question 43

What kind of secretion do sebaceous glands have?

Answer 43

Holocrine secretion

Question 44

What kind of secretion do apocrine sweat glands have?

Answer 44

Merocrine secretion a simple tubular duct

Question 45

Where is NaCl absorbed in an eccrine sweat gland?

Answer 45

In the resorptive duct

Question 46

Where are apocrine sweat glands located?

Answer 46

Axilla, mons pubis circumanal Opens into hair follicle

Question 47

When does apocrine sweat gland activity start?

Answer 47

Art puberty

Question 48

Why does apocrine sweat gland produce a smell?

Answer 48

Odor is produced by bacterial breakdown of secretion

Question 49

What are the characteristics of sebum secreting cells

Answer 49

Store oily secretion Undergo apoptosis Release sebum by disintegrating

Question 50

What does 5 Fluorouracil topical treatment do?

Answer 50

Inhibits DNA replication in neoplastic cells

Question 51

What pathway does 5 fluorouracil take in order to inhibit DNA replication?

Answer 51

5FU inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthase Thymidilate synthase enables Deocyuridine to be converted to thymidine Thymidine is a nucleoside required for DNA replication