The Chemical Basis Of Life Flashcards
What do atoms consist of?
Nucleus and orbiting electrons
Describe the nucleus
The nucleus is made up of protons, which are positively charged with an atomic mass of one unit.it is also made up of neutrons which are uncharged and has an atomic mass of one unit too
Describe the electron shells
’ The electron Shells are made up of electrons which are negatively charged with a negligible atomic mass.
What is atomic mass comprised of?
Proton mass and neutron mass
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element that have same mass numbers and protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
What is the first shell of electron like?
Lowest energy and full with two electrons
What is the second shell like of electrons?
Only holds 8 electrons
What are cations?
Atoms that lose electrons and are positively charged.
What are anions?
Atoms that gain electrons and are negatively charged
What are covalent bonds?
The sharing electrons between atoms to meet the octet rule.
What is electronegativity?
The ability of an atom to attract shared electrons
What are the types of bonds in terms of numbers?
Single bonds, double bonds and triple bonds.
What are the types of chemical covalent bonds? ‘
Nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds.
What are nonpolar covalent bonds?
Equal sharing of electrons eg. H2 or CO2
