Organelles Flashcards
. What is the nucleus?
The control center of the cell and the largest and most organized part of the Cell.
What kind of Er does the nucleus have?
Rough Er
What is the nucleus surrounded by?
Double membrane
What does the nuclear pores control?
What leaves and enters the nucleus
What is the chromatin?
A complex of DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes
Where are the ribosomal subunits formed?
The nucleolus
What are the ribosomal subunits?
rRNA and proteins
Where is ribosomes assembled?
The nucleolus
What is the function of ribosomes? (1)
Protein building
What are the distribution of ribosomes?
Free in cystosol and bound attached to rough Er
What is the difference between smooth Er and rough er?
Smooth has no ribosomes on surface while rough does
What are the functions of rough er? (Similar to Golgi apparatus) and sweat
Packages proteins for secretion, sends transport vesicles to Golgi and makes replacement membrane
What are the functions of smooth er?
Synthesizes lipids, metabolization of carbs, detox of drugs and poisons
What are the structures of the Golgi apparatus?
Cis face and trans face
What are the differences between the cis face and the trans face of the Golgi apparatus?
The cis face receives vesicles from the Er while in the trans face, the vesicles bud off
What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus? ( vesicles and proteins)
Modify, sort and concentrate proteins, pack proteins in vesicles and have vesicles deliver contents to outside of the cell.
What are vesicles containing digestive enzymes called?
Lysosomes
What is the ph of lysosomes?
4.5
What kinds of cells don’t usually have lysosomes?
Plant cells
What are the functions of lysosomes? (Destruction)
To destroy and recycle nonfunctional organelles, foreign particles and unneeded structures
What are the causes of the fatal lysosome diseases?
Digestive enzyme in lysosome not working correctly
What’s an an example of a lysosome-related disease?
Tay -Sach’s disease
What do cells have to do for proper functioning?
Cells have to die of on cue
What are the functions of peroxisomes? (Rehab and weight loss)
Breaks down fatty acids to sugar, detoxifies alcohol and other poisons., produces peroxide
Where is peroxide found?
In the catalase, oxidase and other metabolic enzymes in both plants and animals
What is the structure of the mitochondrion?. (Mm)
Two layers of membrane and the matrix
What does the matrix of mitochondrion contain? (Matrrez)
Enzymes, mitochondrial ribosomes, RNA and DNA
What is the function of mitochondria? (Breath)
ATP production for cellular respiration
How is the metabolic aerobic activity correlated with mitochondria?
The more activity, the more mitochondria is produced
What is the structure of chloroplasts? (DTF)
Double membrane , stroma and thylakoid
What does the thy lakoid contain?
Membranous sacks containing chlorophyll arranged in sacks called grana
What is the space between the inner membrane and thylakoid, filled with protein rich alkaline fluid called?
Stroma
What two organelles are not part of the endo membrane system, grow and reproduce semi-automously, have their own ribosomes and have their own circular chromosomes?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
What is the endosymbiosis theory?
That mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free- living bacteria, engulfed by ancestral eukaryote
What is an endosymbiont Cell?
A cell that lives within another cell
What is the structure for a vacuole? (1)
A large membrane sac
What is the function of vacuole in plants? (store)
Water nutrients, waste, pigments and toxin are stored here.
What is the function of contractile vacuole in protists?
Eliminates excess water
What is the function of food vacuole in protists?
Breaks down food
What is the function of cytoskeleton (cell)
Cell movement, change of Cell shape and cell division
What part of cytoskeleton is responsible for cell movement?
Ameboid movement
What part of cytoplasm is responsible for change in cell shape?
Microvillus
What part of cytoskeleton is responsible for cell division?
Contractile ring
What motion does flagella have?
Snake-like movement in same direction of flagellum
What type of movement does cilia have?
Back and forth movement perpendicular to axis of cilium
What is the structure of muscles?
Long hard and rectangular filled with protein fibers that slide past eachother as the heart beats
What is the structure of fat cells? (Blugh)
Rounded and globular
What are the functions of fat cells?
Storage of lipids,
What do fat cells consist of?
Plasma membrane, nucleus and fat droplets
What kind of Er does the animal pancreatic cell contain large amounts of?
Rough Er
What kind of Er does rat testis cell have?
Smooth Er
What organelles aren’t found in animal cells?
Chloroplasts, central vacuole, Cell wall andplasmodesta
What organelles aren’t found in plant cells?
Lysosomes, centrioles, and flagella (in some plant sperm)
