Meoisis And Mitosis

Question 1

What is the one characteristic that distinguishes the living from the non-living?

Answer 1

The ability to produce more of their own kind

Question 2

What are 3 important roles of cell division?

Answer 2

Division of one prokaryotic cell and unicellular eukaryotic cell reproduces an entire organism and it enables a multicellular eukaryote to develop from a single cell

Question 3

What is a genome?

Answer 3

All of a cell’s genetic information

Question 4

What is a prokaryote in terms of chromosome?

Answer 4

Single, circular chromosome

Question 5

What is a eukaryote in terms of chromosome?

Answer 5

More than one linear chromesone

Question 6

How is DNA organized?

Answer 6

In chromosomes

Question 7

What is the shape of DNA like?

Answer 7

Double helix molecule wrapped around histone proteins like thread on spools

Question 8

What is a chromatin?

Answer 8

DNA- protein complex

Question 9

How is the chromatin organize?

Answer 9

Into long thin fibers that are condensed further during mitosis

Question 10

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 10

46 chromosomes with 23 pairs

Question 11

How many chromosomes do all stomatic cells have?

Answer 11

46

Question 12

How do stomatic cells divide?

Answer 12

By mitosis

Question 13

What kind of - Oid do stomatic cells have?

Answer 13

Diploid with 2 of each type of chromosome

Question 14

What kind of cells are gametes?

Answer 14

Sex cells eg.sperm and egg

Question 15

What kind of - Oid do gametes have?

Answer 15

Haploid with one of each type of chromosome

Question 16

How do gametes divide?

Answer 16

By meiosis

Question 17

How many gametes do humans have?

Answer 17

23

Question 18

What are the phases of the cell cycle? (main)

Answer 18

Interphase, miotic phase and cytokinese phase

Question 19

What is the G0 phase?

Answer 19

Some cells don’t enter g1 phase after cell division like mature cardiac cells and neurons

Question 20

What happens in the gl phase?

Answer 20

Cells grow by producing proteins and organelles and some repair is done here

Question 21

What happens in the gl checkpoint?

Answer 21

Used to determine if the Cell is ready to enter the s-phase and if DNA synthesis can begin

Question 22

How long does the s-phase for last?

Answer 22

6 hours

Question 23

What happens in the s-phase?

Answer 23

DNA is replicated here and two copies of DNA molecules are attached at the centromere

Question 24

What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 24

S- phase

Question 25

What happens at the g2 phase?

Answer 25

Production and movement of cells to proper locations

Question 26

What happens at the end of the g2 phase? (products basically)

Answer 26

Chromosomes, organelles and cytoplasm are doubled

Question 27

What happens at the g2 checkpoint?

Answer 27

Checking to maintain DNA stability and if DNA synthesis has been done correctly

Question 28

What is mitosis?

Answer 28

Division of the nucleus

Question 29

What happens in the prophase of mitosis? (1st)

Answer 29

Chromosomes are shortening and thickening and grouped into sister chromatids connected by a centromere

Question 30

In what stage of mitosis does the middle spindle begin to form?

Answer 30

Pro phase/1st

Question 31

What happens in the metaphase of mitosis? (2)

Answer 31

Spindle fibers move chromes ones to cell center, and centro meres line up at the metaphase plate

Question 32

What happens at the metaphase checkpoint? (cc)

Answer 32

Checks if tension from two poles are equal and ensures proper segregation of chromosomes

Question 33

What happens in anaphase in mitosis?

Answer 33

Sister chromatids get pulled and moved to opposite poles which move further apart as polar microtybules lengthen

Question 34

What do motor proteins de?

Answer 34

Pull chromosomes apart

Question 35

What happens in the telephase (4) of mitosis?

Answer 35

Chromosomes reach opposite poles, beginning to condense , daughter nuclei and nucleioli form, nuclear envelope reappears and spindle fibers disperse

Question 36

What happens when cytokinese begins for animals?

Answer 36

A cleavage furrow forms at metaphase plate and splits into two like tightening a draw string

Question 37

What happens in Cytokinese for plants?

Answer 37

A cell plate forms

Question 38

What are the 3 major checkpoints of the cell cycle?

Answer 38

G1/s-phase ,'g2/m and the spindle checkpoints

Question 39

What happens at the spindle check-point?

Answer 39

Checks if all chromosomes are. attached to the spindle and if sister chromatids can separate properly

Question 40

What are autosomes?

Answer 40

22 pairs of chromosomes that don't determine sex

Question 41

What are the sex chromesones?

Answer 41

X and y

Question 42

How are chromosomes inherited in a pair of homologous chromesones?

Answer 42

One is inherited from the male parent and the other from the female parent

Question 43

What is the genetic locus?

Answer 43

The location of a particular gene on a chromosome

Question 44

What does each genetic locus have?

Answer 44

2 alleles with one each homologous chromesone

Question 45

What dees meiosis involve, in terms of Cell division?

Answer 45

It involves 2 cell divisions, resulting in 4 cells with half normal genetic information

Question 46

What are non-sister chromatids?

Answer 46

Homologs that contain DNA that codes for same genes but different versions of them

Question 47

What is the first division of meiosis?

Answer 47

Meiosis 1

Question 48

What happens in the interphase of meiosis? (1st)

Answer 48

Chromosomes are replicated

Question 49

What happens in prophase 1 of meiosis? (2nd)

Answer 49

Here synopsis homologous chromosomes pair up

Question 50

What are tetrads?

Answer 50

4 sister chromoticls crossing over at the chiasmata

Question 51

What happens in metaphase 1?

Answer 51

Tetras line up and independent assortment occurs and chromosomes separate randomly causing genetic recombination

Question 52

What happens in anaphase 1? (4th)

Answer 52

Pairs of homologous chromosomes separate with sister chromatids attached by centromere

Question 53

What is the difference between the anaphase in meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 53

The centromere doesn't break due to the sister chromatids getting pulled apart in meiosis

Question 54

What are 3 differences between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 54

Pairing of homologous chromosomes happens in meiosis but not mitosis, centromere division occurs in anaphase for mitosis and anaphase 2 for meiosis and crossing over of homologous chromosomes happens in meiosis but hot mitosis

Question 55

What is non disjunction?

Answer 55

When chromosomes fail to separate properly