Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > The Cell And Its Organelles > Flashcards

The Cell And Its Organelles Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. Basic building blocks of all living things
  2. Responsible for all of life’s processes
A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

He observed a piece of cork specimen structures which appeared as tiny compartments similar to small rooms that are fitted to each other. He coined the word ‘cell’ to describe these structures.

A

Robert Hooke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

He was the first to observe under his microscope the structure of a red blood cell of different animals as well as sperm cells.

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

He compared diverse kinds of plants and indicated that they are all composed of cells, and inside the cell is a dark dense sport which he termed as the ‘nucleus’.

A

Robert Brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

He concluded that all plant parts are made of cells.

A

Matthais Schleiden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

He stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.

A

Theodor Schwann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

He concluded that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

A

Rudolf Virchow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Three Postulates of the Cell Theory

A
  1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
  2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.
  3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Specialized structures within the cell that performs specific functions.

A

Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. Also known as ‘Cell Membrane’
  2. Thin barrier that forms a boundary separating the internal and external environment of the cell
  3. Semipermeable
  4. Composed of a phospholipid bilayer
  5. Anchors the cytoskeleton to provide shape to the cell
A

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

According to the model, the molecular arrangement of the plasma membrane resembles a continually moving sea of fluid that contains a mosaic of many different proteins.

A

Fluid Mosaic Model by Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicolson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Four Molecules of the Phospholipid Bilayer

A
  1. Phospholipid
  2. Proteins
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. Lipids that consists of a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic phosphate tail.
  2. Acts as the barrier of the cell and responsible for the transport of materials.
A

Phospholipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Proteins that are attached permanently inside the cell membrane.

A

Integral Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Proteins attached at the side of the cell membrane either at the exterior or interior surfaces.

A

Peripheral Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. Always found on the exterior surface of the cell membrane.
  2. Helps protect the cell from the outside world by differentiating host cells and intruder cells.
  3. There are two types in the cell membrane
A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carbohydrates attached to a protein the cell membrane.

A

Glycoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carbohydrates attached to a lipid in the cell membrane.

A

Glycolipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A type of waxy lipid found in cells that regulates the fluidity of the cell membrane as temperature varies.

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. Encompasses everything included in the cell membrane.
  2. Divided into cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
A

Protoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gel-like substance inside the nucleus

A

Nucleoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  1. Encompasses everything included in the cell membrane except the nucleus.
  2. The place where the cytoskeleton is found
A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. Area of cytoplasm that is not held by organelles.
  2. Cytoplasm minus the organelles
A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  1. A structure that helps the cells maintain their shape and internal organization.
  2. Provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions.
  3. Has three major filaments: Microfilament, Intermediate Filament, ad Microtubules.
A

Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  1. Has a diameter of about 7nm
  2. Generates movement and provides mechanical support.
  3. Composed of a protein called Actin
A

Microfilament

25
Q
  1. A protein that helps with muscle contraction as well as in cell movements.
  2. Works together with a protein called Myosin
A

Actin

26
Q

Cells and its Organelles:
Cytoskeleton:
1. Has a diameter of about 25nm
2. Largest cytoskeletal component that helps determine cell shape.
3. Composed of a protein called tubulins
4. Dynamic structure that can change quickly

A

Microtubule

27
Q

Cells and its Organelles:
Cytoskeleton:
1. About 10nm in diameter
2. Help stabilize the position of organelles and help attach cells to one another.
3. Provides the cell with tensile strength

A

Intermediate Filament

28
Q

Protein in the cytoskeleton that move along the microtubules carrying the organelles along the cell membrane.

A

Kinesin

29
Q

Protein in the cytoskeleton that pull the cell membrane along the nucleus.

A

Dynein

30
Q

Protein in the cytoskeleton that interacts with actin and are responsible for muscle contraction.

A

Myosin

31
Q
  1. Present only in plant cells.
  2. Rigid outermost layer that gives protection, support, and shape to the cell.
  3. Composed of carbohydrates
A

Cell Wall

32
Q

Three Layers of the Cell Wall

A
  1. Primary Cell Wall
  2. Middle Lamella
  3. Secondary Cell Wall
33
Q

Cells and its Organelles:
Layers of the Cell Wall:
1. Situated closest to the inside of the cell.
2. First-formed cell wall
3. Mainly made up of cellulose
4. Also composed of Hemicellulose

A

Primary Cell Wall

34
Q

Cells and its Organelles:
Cell Wall:
Carbohydrate in the cell that provides rigidity and structure to the cell wall.

A

Cellulose

35
Q

A substance in the cell wall that strengthens the cell wall by interacting with the cellulose.

A

Hemicellulose

36
Q

Cells and its Organelles:
Layers of the Cell Wall:
1. Outermost layer
2. Acts as an interface between the other neighboring cells and glues them together.
3. Primarily consists of pectins

A

Middle Lamella

37
Q

Carbohydrate in the cell wall that is used for cell adhesion

A

Pectin

38
Q
  1. Formed inside the primary cell wall once it is completely grown.
  2. Provides the characteristics of a rectangular or square shape to the cell.
  3. The thickest layer
A

Secondary Cell Wall

39
Q

Organelle that helps in the assembly and synthesizing of proteins.

A

Ribosomes

40
Q

Cells and its Organelles:
1. Storehouse of genetic information in the form of DNA inside the cell.
2. Control center of the cell.

A

Nucleus

41
Q

Cells and its Organelles:
Nucleus:
1. Boundary of the nucleus
2. Composed of the outer and inner nuclear membrane and the perinuclear space in between.

A

Nuclear Envelope

42
Q
  1. Holes on the nuclear envelope
  2. Allows molecules to pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
A

Nuclear Pores

43
Q

Organelle found inside the nucleus whose primary function is to produce and assemble the cell’s ribosomes.

A

Nucleolus

44
Q

Cells and its Organelles:
1. Endoplasmic reticulum that is covered by ribosomes.
2. Responsible for the synthesis of proteins.

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

45
Q
  1. Endoplasmic Reticulum that is not studded by ribosomes.
  2. Responsible for the production of lipids.
A

Soft Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

46
Q

Organelle where proteins are processed, sorted, and delivered.

A

Golgi Apparatys

47
Q

Fluid-filled sac for the storage of materials needed by the cell.

A

Vacuoles

48
Q
  1. Present only in animal cells.
  2. A region near the nucleus where it confines a pair of centrioles.
A

Centrosomes

49
Q
  1. The digestive system of the cell
  2. Contains chemicals that can break down material in the cell for metabolism.
  3. Present only in animal cells
A

Lysosomes

50
Q

Contains enzymes for breaking down toxic material for the cell’s protection.

A

Perixosomes

51
Q

Cells and its Organelles:
1. Powerhouse of the cell.
2. Supplies energy to the cell.
3. Site of cellular respiration
4. Responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate

A

Mitochondria

52
Q

Organelle that help a plant conver solar energy to chemical energy.

A

Chloroplast

53
Q
  1. Colorless fluid within the chloroplast
  2. Contains chloroplast DNA and enzymes.
A

Stroma

54
Q
  1. Tiny compartments found inside chloroplasts.
  2. Helps absorb sunlight in order for photosynthesis to occur.
  3. Contains chlorophyll.
A

Thylakoid

55
Q
  1. Space inside the thylakoid
  2. Site of several reactions during photosynthesis
A

Lumen

56
Q

Multicellular organisms that have a nucleus and a linear DNA.

A

Eukaryotes

57
Q

Single-celled organisms that lacks a true nucleus.

A

Prokaryotes

58
Q

Region within the prokaryotic cell that contains the cell’s circular DNA.

A

Nucleoid

59
Q

Whip-like structure in a prokaryotic cell for locomotion.

A

Flagella

60
Q

Short, hair-like structures used for exchanging genetic material.

A

Pili

61
Q

Long, hair-like structures used for attachment and sticking to surfaces in their environment and to other prokaryotic cell.

A

Fimbriae

Biology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions