Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Genetics / Genetic Engineering:
1. A change in the DNA base pair sequence due to various factors or mistakes.

Answer 1

Mutation

Question 2

Mutation:
Two Classification of Mutation

Answer 2

Point & Chromosomal Mutation

Question 3

Mutation:
Two Classification of Mutation:
1. Change within a gene in which one base pair in the DNA sequence is altered.

Answer 3

Point Mutation

Question 4

Mutation:
Two Classification of Mutation:
Point Mutation:
1. In replicating DNA, one or more additional nucleotides are added, frequently causing a frameshift.

Answer 4

Insertion

Question 5

Mutation:
Two Classification of Mutation:
Point Mutation:
1. During replication, one or more nucleotides may be “skipped” or removed, which usually causes a frameshift.

Answer 5

Deletion

Question 6

Mutation:
Two Classification of Mutation:
Point Mutation:
1. During replication, one base is inserted incorrectly, replacing the pair at the appropriate location on the complementary strand.

Answer 6

Substitution

Question 7

Mutation:
Two Classification of Mutation:
1. A mutation involving a long segment of DNA.

Answer 7

Chromosomal Mutation

Question 8

Mutation:
Two Classification of Mutation:
Chromosomal Mutation:
1. The flipping and reinserting of a single chromosomal region

Answer 8

Inversion

Question 9

Mutation:
Two Classification of Mutation:
Chromosomal Mutation:
1. When a chromosome segment is lost, all the genes in that segment are also gone.

Answer 9

Deletion

Question 10

Mutation:
Two Classification of Mutation:
Chromosomal Mutation:
1. A chromosomal segment is repeated, increasing the concentration of the genes in that area.

Answer 10

Duplication

Question 11

Mutation:
Two Classification of Mutation:
Chromosomal Mutation:
1. A section of one chromosome is inappropriately joined to another chromosome.

Answer 11

Translocation

Question 12

Genetics:
1. Process of making changes on the genetic code of an organism; to modify the traits of a target organism.

Answer 12

Genetic Engineering

Question 13

Genetic Engineering:
1. The process of using organisms with specific traits to reproduce offspring with those traits.

Answer 13

Selective Breeding

Question 14

Genetic Engineering:
1. The process of crossing plants or animals with different variations of the same trait in which the resulting offspring is created to have the best traits of the parents.

Answer 14

Hybridization

Question 15

Genetic Engineering:
1. Process of modifying the genes of organisms for practical purposes.
2. Done when a piece of DNA is combined with another DNA from another source

Answer 15

DNA Recombination

Question 16

Genetic Engineering:
1. The DNA from the two different organisms.

Answer 16

Recombinant DNA

Question 17

Genetic Engineering:
1. A “gene gun” is used to fire DNA-coated pellets on plant tissues. The cells that survive the bombardment, and are able to take up the expression of the coated pellets acquires the ability it’s designed for.

Answer 17

Biolistics

Question 18

Genetic Engineering:
1. A method used to separate DNA fragments based on their size.
2. In this method, a mixture of DNA fragments is placed at the end of a gel, and an electric voltage is applied to the gel.

Answer 18

Gel Electrophoresis

Question 19

Genetic Engineering:
1. A method used to provide the identity and order of nucleotides in a DNA strand.

Answer 19

DNA Sequencing

Question 20

Genetic Engineering:
1. Used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA sufficiently to enable detailed study.

Answer 20

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)