Evolution Flashcards
- The process of change by which new species come about from pre-existing species.
Evolution
Evolution:
Evidences:
1. The remains of the non-degraded parts of living beings found within rocks.
Fossils
Evolution:
Evidences:
1. Studying the similarities and differences in structure among living things.
Comparative Anatomy
Evolution:
Evidences:
Comparative Anatomy:
1. Parts of different organisms that are similar in structure but different functions.
Homologous Structures
Evolution:
Evidences:
Comparative Anatomy:
1. Parts of different organisms that are similar in function but different in internal structure.
Analogous Structures
Evolution:
Evidences:
Comparative Anatomy:
1. Structure that serves little or no function that are through to be the remnants of organs that were once functional in an ancestral form.
Vestigial Organs
Evolution:
Evidences:
1. Study of the differences and similarities in the development of embryo in certain organisms.
Comparative Embryology
Evolution:
Evidences:
1. The study of the similarities and differences in the sequences of bases in DNA that results in the production of protein in different groups of organisms.
Comparative Biochemistry
Evolution:
Mechanisms:
1. Nature provides the variation among different organisms so that humans can select the variations that are useful to them in a technique called SELECTIVE BREEDING.
Artificial Selection
Evolution:
Mechanisms:
1. An evolutionary change in allelic frequencies of a population as a matter of chance.
2. It occurs in very small populations, but its effects are strong.
Genetic Drift
Evolution:
Mechanisms:
Two Types of Genetic Drift
Population Bottleneck and Founder Effect
Evolution:
Mechanisms:
Two Types of Genetic Drift:
1. An event that drastically reduces the size of a population.
Population Bottleneck
Evolution:
Mechanisms:
Two Types of Genetic Drift:
1. The loss of a genetic variation that occurs when a new population s established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.
Founder Effect
Evolution:
Natural Selection:
Types of Natural Selection
- Stabilizing
- Directional
- Disruptive
Evolution:
Natural Selection:
Types of Natural Selection:
1. The intermediate phenotypes are more fit than extreme ones.
Stabilizing Selection
Evolution:
Natural Selection:
Types of Natural Selection:
1. Occurs when environmental pressures favor one phenotype more than another.
Directional Selection
Evolution:
Natural Selection:
Types of Natural Selection:
1. Both extreme phenotypes are more fit than those in the middle.
Disruptive Selection
Evolution:
Mutation:
Two Types of Mutation
Neutral and Beneficial Mutation
Evolution:
Mutation:
Two Types of Mutation:
1. Affects the organism’s phenotype but has no impact on its survival or reproduction.
Neutral Mutation
Evolution:
Mutation:
Two Types of Mutation:
1. Affects the phenotype of organisms, resulting in an increase in their chances of survival or reproduction.
Beneficial Mutation
Evolution:
Mechanisms:
1. Also known as ‘migration’
2. Happens when there is transfer of genes from the gene pool of one population to another.
Gene Flow
Evolution:
1. Defines of how a species changes its body and behavior to better suit its natural environment.
Adaptation
Evolution:
Types of Adaptation:
1. These are special attributes that involve some parts of an organism’s body, such as skin, color and shape.
2. These adaptations help the organisms to survive in their natural habitat.
Structural Adaptations
Evolution:
Types of Adaptation:
1. These are mechanisms to present in an organism that allow it to perform certain biochemical reactions to survive in its natural habitat.
Physiological Adaptations
Evolution:
Types of Adaptation:
1. These are ways a particular organism behaves to survive in its natural habitat.
Behavioral Adaptations
Evolution:
1. The process of evolution that leads to the disappearance of a population or species.
Extinction
Evolution:
1. Defined as the species which are under risk or threat of being extinct.
Endangered Species
