Genetics & Heredity Flashcards
Genetics:
1. Alternative version of a gene controlling the same trait.
2. There only two ______ for a given gene, with one _____ provided by each parent.
Allele
Genetics:
1. The specific physical location of a gene on a chromosome.
Locus
Genetics:
1. The genetic makeup of on organism; the combination of alleles of an individual.
2. Inherited from the parent to the offspring.
3. It is affected by genes.
Genotype
Genetics:
1. The physical characteristics of an organism.
2. Expression of genes as the external appearance.
3. Not inherited from the parent
4. It is affected by genotype and environmental conditions.
Phenotype
Genetics:
1. Traits that expresses its effect even in the present of the recessive allele.
2. Always expressed even if only one copy exists.
3. Denoted by a capital letter.
Dominant
Genetics:
1. Traits that does not express itself in the presence of the dominant allele; it is masked by the dominant allele.
2. Expressed only if both the connected alleles are _____.
3. Denoted by a small letter.
Recessive
Genetics:
1. Contains two different copies of the same allele coding for a particular trait.
2. Contains different alleles for a trait.
3. Both dominant and recessive.
Heterozygous
Genetics:
1. Has the same copies of the same allele coding for a particular trait.
2. Contains only one type of allele; either dominant or recessive.
Homozygous
Genetics:
1. Cross that contains two sorts of gametes that produces four offsprings.
2. The phenotypic ratio is 3:1
3. The genotypic ratio is 1:2:1
Monohybrid Cross
Genetics:
1. Contains four different types of gametes that produces a total of sixteen offspring.
2. The phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1
3. The genotypic ratio is 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1
Dihybrid Cross
Genetics:
Mendelian:
1. States that when a dominant and recessive trait pair up in one trait, only the dominant trait shows in a phenotype.
Law of Dominance
Genetics:
Mendelian:
1. During the formation of gamete, each gene separates from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
Law of Segregation
Genetics:
Mendelian:
1. The allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.
Law of Independent Assortment
Genetics:
Non-Mendelian:
1. When the two alleles of a gene combine to create an intermediate or blended phenotype.
Incomplete Dominance
Genetics:
Non-Mendelian:
1. When both alleles are simultaneously expressed in the offspring.
Codominance
Genetics:
Non-Mendelian:
1. When there is a gene existing in more than two allelic forms.
Multiple Alleles
Genetics:
Non-Mendelian
1. Expression of multiple traits by a single gene.
Pleiotropy
Genetics:
Non-Mendelian:
1. Alleles that cause the death of the organism that carries them.
Lethal Alleles
Genetics:
Non-Mendelian:
1. A characteristics that is influenced by two or more genes.
Polygenic Traits
Genetics:
Non-Mendelian:
1. When an unrelated gene modifies the phenotypic expression of another gene.
Epistasis
Genetics:
1. Autosomal traits that are not in the sex chromosomes (X, Y), which are expressed in a particular sex.
Sex-Limited Traits
Genetics:
1. Traits whose determining genes are found on sex chromosomes.
Sex-Linked Traits
Genetics:
1. Traits that are not due to particular genes but are by-products by sex hormones.
Sex-Influenced Traits
Genetics:
1. A chart that represents a family tree along with the family members and their genetic traits, respectively.
Pedigree Analysis
Genetics:
1. A graphical representation of an offspring’s possible genotypes that develops from a specific event of breeding.
Punnett Square
