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Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

Ecology:
1. A structural and functional unit of ecology where the living organisms interact with each other and the surrounding environment.
2. An _________ can be classified into terrestrial or aquatic.

A

Ecosystem

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2
Q

Ecology:
Structure of the Ecosystem:
1. Refers to all living components in an ecosystem.

A

Biotic Components

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3
Q

Ecology:
Structure of the Ecosystem:
1. Are the non-living component of an ecosystem.

A

Abiotic Components

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4
Q

Ecology:
Structure of the Ecosystem:
Biotic Categories:
1. Include all autotrophs that can produce food through the process of photosynthesis.

A

Producers

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5
Q

Ecology:
Structure of the Ecosystem:
Biotic Categories:
1. Heterotrophs
2. Organisms that depend on other organisms for food.

A

Consumers

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6
Q

Ecology:
Structure of the Ecosystem:
Biotic Categories:
1. Organisms that directly thrive on the dead and decaying organic matter.

A

Decomposers

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7
Q

Ecology:
Functional Unit of an Ecosystem:
1. Refers to the rate of biomass production.

A

Productivity

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8
Q

Ecology:
Functional Unit of an Ecosystem:
1. The sequential process through which energy flows from one trophic level to another.

A

Energy Flow

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9
Q

Ecology:
Functional Unit of an Ecosystem:
1. The process of breakdown of dead organic material.

A

Decomposition

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10
Q

Ecology:
Functional Unit of an Ecosystem:
1. The recycling of consumed nutrients back in various forms for the utilization of various organisms.

A

Nutrient Cycling

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11
Q

Ecology:
Ecosystem Classification:
1. Exclusively land-based ecosystems distributed around geological zones.

A

Terrestrial Ecosystem

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12
Q

Ecology:
Terrestrial Ecosystem Classification:
1. Consists of several plants, particularly trees, animals, and microorganisms that live in coordination with the abiotic factors.
2. Helps maintain the temperature of the Earth and are the major carbon sink.

A

Forest Ecosystem

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13
Q

Ecology:
Terrestrial Ecosystem Classification:
1. The vegetation is dominated by grasses and ferns.

A

Grassland Ecosystem

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14
Q

Ecology:
Terrestrial Ecosystem Classification:
1. Devoid of trees and are around in cold climates or where rainfall is scarce.
2. These are covered with snow for most of the year and are found in the Arctic or mountain tops.

A

Tundra Ecosystem

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15
Q

Ecology:
Terrestrial Ecosystem Classification:
1. Regions with little rainfall and scarce vegetation.

A

Desert Ecosystem

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16
Q

Ecology:
Ecosystem Classification:
1. Ecosystems present in a body of water

A

Aquatic Ecosystem

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17
Q

Ecology:
Aquatic Ecosystem Classification:
1. Aquatic ecosystem with no salt content.

A

Freshwater Ecosystem

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18
Q

Ecology:
Aquatic Ecosystem Classification:
1. Aquatic ecosystem with substantial salt content and greater biodiversity in comparison to the freshwater ecosystem.

A

Marine Ecosystem

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19
Q

Ecology:
1. Refers to the events in an ecosystem, where one living organism eats another organism, and later that organism is consumed by another larger organism.

A

Food Chain

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20
Q

Ecology:
Types of Food Chain

A

Detritus and Grazing Food Chain

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21
Q

Ecology:
Types of Food Chain:
1. Begins with dead organic material and passes into decomposers which are further eaten.

A

Detritus Food Chain

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22
Q

Ecology:
Types of Food Chain:
1. Starts with green plants that performs photosynthesis which are further eaten.

A

Grazing Food Chain

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23
Q

Ecology:
Food Chain:
1. Formed by several interconnected food chains.

A

Food Web

24
Q

Ecology:
1. A graphical representation of the relationship between the different living organisms at different trophic levels.

A

Ecological Pyramid

25
Q

Ecology:
Types of Ecological Pyramid:
1. A graphical representation to show the number of organisms ta each trophic level of an ecosystem.

A

Pyramid of Numbers

26
Q

Ecology:
Types of Ecological Pyramid:
1. In this particular type of ecological pyramid, each level takes into account the amount of biomass produces by each trophic level.

A

Pyramid of Biomass

27
Q

Ecology:
Types of Ecological Pyramid:
1. A graphical representation of the energy level and energy flow in different trophic levels of an ecosystem.

A

Pyramid of Energy

28
Q

Ecology:
1. Process by which the mix of species and habitats change over time.

A

Ecological Succession

29
Q

Ecology:
Stages of Ecological Succession

A
  1. Nudation
  2. Invasion
  3. Competition and CO-action
  4. Reaction
  5. Stabilization or Climax
30
Q

Ecology:
Stages of Ecological Succession:
1. The formation of a nude or bare area

A

Nudation

31
Q

Ecology:
Stages of Ecological Succession:
1. The arrival of the propagules or the reproductive bodies of different organisms that can settle on the bare area.

A

Invasion

32
Q

Ecology:
Stages of Ecological Succession:
1. The population of the invasive species increases in number within a limited space.

A

Competition and Co-Action

33
Q

Ecology:
Stages of Ecological Succession:
1. The environment molds itself or changes under the organisms’ influence.

A

Reaction

34
Q

Ecology:
Stages of Ecological Succession:
1. The area become more stable and stay there for a longer time

A

Stabilization or Climax

35
Q

Ecology:
Types of Ecological Succession:
1. Starts in a barren area, never having vegetation of any type where no living organisms ever existed,
2. Succession is slower.

A

Primary Succession

36
Q

Ecology:
Types of Ecological Succession:
1. Starts in an area that somehow lost all the living organisms that existed there,
2. Succession is faster.

A

Secondary Succession

37
Q

Ecology:
Types of Ecological Succession:
1. Pattern of vegetation chain in which in a small number of species tend to replace each other over time in the absence of large-scale disturbance.

A

Cyclic Succession

38
Q

Ecology:
Types of Ecological Succession:
1. Ecological succession driven by biotic factor in that specific community.

A

Autogenic Succession

39
Q

Ecology:
Types of Ecological Succession:
1. Ecological succession driven by abiotic factors of the community.

A

Allogenic Succession

40
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Succession:
Types of Successional Communities:
1. The one that sets first in a barren area

A

Pioneer Community

41
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Succession:
Types of Successional Communities:
1. The last community in biotic succession, which is relatively stable and is in near equilibrium with the environment of that area.

A

Climax Community

42
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Succession:
Types of Successional Communities:
1. The intermediate stage of ecological succession that follows the pioneer community and advances towards the climax community.
2. Contributes to the formation of a stable community.

A

Transitional or Seral Community

43
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Succession:
Types of Successional Communities:
Types of Seral Succession:
1. When succession takes place in dry areas.

A

Xerosere

44
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Succession:
Types of Successional Communities:
Types of Seral Succession:
1. When succession takes place on aquatic habitats where water is plenty.

A

Hydrosere

45
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Succession:
Types of Successional Communities:
Types of Seral Succession:
1. Succession on a bare ock surface

A

Lithosere

46
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Succession:
Types of Successional Communities:
Types of Seral Succession:
1. Succession initiating on sandy areas.

A

Psammosere

47
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Succession:
Types of Successional Communities:
Types of Seral Succession:
1. Succession taking place on saline soil or water.

A

Halosere

48
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Succession:
Types of Successional Communities:
Types of Seral Succession:
1. Succession of microorganism on dead matter.

A

Senile

49
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Relationships:
1. Ecological relationships between organisms of different species.

A

Symbiosis

50
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Relationships:
Symbiotic Relationships:
1. A relationship where both species benefit from each other.

A

Mutualism

51
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Relationships:
Symbiotic Relationships:
1. A relationship where one species benefits while the other species is unaffected.

A

Commensalism

52
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Relationships:
Symbiotic Relationships:
1. A relationship where one organism benefits (parasite) while the species it depends on (host) is harmed.

A

Parasitism

53
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Relationships:
Symbiotic Relationships:
1. A type of relationship where one species causes harm to another organism without any cost or benefits to itself.

A

Amensalism

54
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Relationships:
1. Ecological relationship between organisms that oppose each other.

A

Oppositional Relationship

55
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Relationships:
Oppositional Relationships:
1. A type of relationship where individuals or populations compete for the same resource.

A

Competition

56
Q

Ecology:
Ecological Relationships:
Oppositional Relationships:
1. A relationship where one organism (predator) eats another organism (prey) to obtain nutrients.

A

Predation

Biology (23 decks)

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