Biological Molecules

Question 1

1. Any of the substances that are produced by cells and living organisms.

Answer 1

Biological Molecules

Question 2

Biological Molecules:
1. Function mainly as a source of chemical energy for generating ATP needed to drive metabolic reactions.
2. Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) are the elements found in __________.
3. Source of instant energy.

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

Biological Molecules:
Carbohydrates:
Types of Carbohydrates

Answer 3

1. Monosaccharide
2. Disaccharide
3. Polysaccharide

Question 4

Biological Molecules:
Types of Carbohydrates:
1. The monomers used to build carbohydrates.
2. Simplest sugar

Answer 4

Monosaccharides

Question 5

Biological Molecules:
Types of Carbohydrates:
Three Monosaccharides

Answer 5

1. Glucose
2. Galactose
3. Fructose

Question 6

Biological Molecules:
Types of Carbohydrates:
1. A molecule formed from the combination of two monosaccharides

Answer 6

Disaccharide

Question 7

Biological Molecules:
Types of Carbohydrates:
Three Disaccharides

Answer 7

1. Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
2. Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
3. Lactose = Galactose + Glucose

Question 8

Biological Molecules:
Types of Carbohydrates:
1. Carbohydrate that contains tens or hundreds of monosaccharides joined together.

Answer 8

Polysaccharides

Question 9

Biological Molecules:
1. Contains Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O).
2. Oily molecules stored in adipose tissues.
3. Stored energy.

Answer 9

Lipids

Question 10

Biological Molecules:
1. Large molecules that contain Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N).
2. Made up of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds.

Answer 10

Proteins

Question 11

Biological Molecules:
Types of Proteins:
1. Proteins that speed up or regulate chemical processes.

Answer 11

Enzymes

Question 12

Biological Molecules:
Types of Proteins:
1. Proteins that form structural framework of various parts of the body.

Answer 12

Structural Proteins

Question 13

Biological Molecules:
Types of Proteins:
1. Proteins that facilitate communications within or between cells.

Answer 13

Signal Proteins

Question 14

Biological Molecules:
Types of Proteins:
1. Proteins that facilitates communications by receiving signal proteins.

Answer 14

Receptor Proteins

Question 15

Biological Molecules:
Types of Proteins:
1. Proteins that allow shortening of muscle cells, which produces movement.

Answer 15

Contractile Proteins

Question 16

Biological Molecules:
Types of Proteins:
1. Also known as ‘Defensive Proteins’
2. Proteins that aid responses that protect body against foreign substances and invading pathogens.

Answer 16

Immunological Proteins

Question 17

Biological Molecules:
Types of Proteins:
1. Proteins that facilitate movement of molecules through the body.

Answer 17

Transport Proteins

Question 18

Biological Molecules:
Types of Proteins:
1. Proteins that serve as a reservoir of amino acids.

Answer 18

Storage Proteins

Question 19

Biological Molecules:
Proteins:
Four Protein Structure

Answer 19

1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quarternary

Question 20

Biological Molecules:
Four Protein Structure:
1. Linear polypeptide chain formed by the amino acids in a particular sequence

Answer 20

Primary Structure

Question 21

Biological Molecules:
Four Protein Structure:
1. Formed by hydrogen bonding in the polypeptide chain causing the chain to fold and coil in two different conformations: alpha-helix & beta-pleated sheet

Answer 21

Secondary Structure

Question 22

Biological Molecules:
Four Protein Structure:
Secondary Structure:
1. A single spiral formed by hydrogen bonding between every fourth amino acid.

Answer 22

Alpha Helix

Question 23

Biological Molecules:
Four Protein Structure:
Secondary Structure:
2. Formed by hydrogen bonding between two or more adjacent polypeptide chains.

Answer 23

Beta-Pleated Sheet

Question 24

Biological Molecules:
Four Protein Structure:
1. The 3-dimensional shape acquired by the polypeptide chain.

Answer 24

Tertiary Structure

Question 25

Biological Molecules:
Four Protein Structure:
1. Spatial arrangement of various tertiary structures.

Answer 25

Quarterary Structure

Question 26

Biological Molecules:
1. Huge organic molecules that contain Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorus (P).
2. Composed of a chain of repeating monomers called NUCLEOTIDES – composed of nitrogenous bases, sugar molecules, and phosphate groups.

Answer 26

Nucleic Acids

Question 27

Biological Molecules:
Two Types of Nucleic Acids

Answer 27

DNA and RNA

Question 28

Biological Molecules:
Two Types of Nucleic Acids:
1. Defines the basic genetic makeup of the body.

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

Biological Molecules:
Two Types of Nucleic Acids:
1. Responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the body.

Answer 29

RNA

Question 30

Biological Molecules:
Explain Chargaff’s Rule

Answer 30

The number of nitrogenous bases in the DNA is present in equal quantities.

Question 31

Biological Molecules:
Nucleic Acids:
Three Types of RNA

Answer 31

1. Messenger RNA
2. Transfer RNA
3. Ribosomal RNA

Question 32

Biological Molecules:
Nucleic Acids:
Three Types of RNA:
1. Carry amino acids to make proteins based on the message or instruction by the mRNA.

Answer 32

Transfer RNA

Question 33

Biological Molecules:
Nucleic Acids:
Three Types of RNA:
1. Consists of a message or instruction made from the DNA that contains instructions to make proteins.

Answer 33

Messenger RNA

Question 34

Biological Molecules:
Nucleic Acids:
Types of RNA:
1. Component of the ribosome that catalyzes protein synthesis.

Answer 34

Ribosomal RNA