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Reproductive & Circulatory System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organ System:
1. Organ system responsible for procreation

A

Reproductive System

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2
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
Parts and their Functions:
1. Stores and produces fluids that will turn into semen

A

Seminal Vesicle

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3
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
Parts and their Functions:
1. Tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.

A

Vas Deferens

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4
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
Parts and their Functions:
1. The tube that delivers sperm from the vas deferens to the urethra.

A

Ejaculatory Duct

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5
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
Parts and their Functions:
1. Tube attached to the testis that transports sperm from the testis to the vas deferens

A

Epididymis

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6
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
Parts and their Functions:
1. Glands inside the scrotum that produces sperm and male hormones.

A

Testis

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7
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
Parts and their Functions:
1. Pouch of skin containing and protecting the testicles.

A

Scrotum

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8
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
Parts and their Functions:
1. The tube that empties urine from the bladder and the passageway of sperm.

A

Urethra

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9
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
Parts and their Functions:
1. The tip of the penis

A

Glans Penis

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10
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
Parts and their Functions:
1. Organ used for urination and sexual intercourse

A

Penis

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11
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
Parts and their Functions:
1. Two masses of erectile tissue that helps in erection

A

Corpus Cavernum

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12
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
1. Male gametes responsible for fertilization

A

Sperm

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13
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
1. Process of developing male gametes

A

Spermatogenesis

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14
Q

Organ System:
Male Reproductive System:
Explain Spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogonium -> Mitosis -> Meiosis I -> Meiosis II -> 4 Sperm Cells

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15
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
1. Pair of female glands that produce and releases eggs and hormones

A

Ovary

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16
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
1. Organ that plays a critical role in menstruation, fertility, and pregnancy.

A

Uterus

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17
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
1. Passageway to the uterus

A

Cervix

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18
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
1. A passageway of childbirth and holds the sperm during intercourse.

A

Vagina

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19
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
1. Passageway between the ovaries and the uterus.
2. Site of fertilization

A

Fallopian Tube

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20
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
1. Inner skin folds that protect the urethra and vagina.

A

Labia Minora

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21
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
1. Outer skin folds that protect the urethra and vagina.

A

Labia Majora

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22
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
1. Erectile structure that enables sexual pleasure

A

Clitoris

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23
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
1. The lining of the uterus

A

Endometrium

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24
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
1. Female gametes responsible for fertilization

A

Oocyte

25
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
1. Process of formation of female gametes

A

Oogenesis

26
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
Explain Oogenesis

A

Oogonium -> Mitosis -> Meiosis I -> Meiosis II -> 3 Polar Bodies and 1 Egg Cell

27
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
Oogenesis:
1. Cells that cannot undergo fertilization
2. Usually die and disintegrate by apoptosis.

A

Polar Bodies

28
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
1. When uterus lining sheds and leads to a hemorrhage

A

Menstruation

29
Q

Organ System:
Female Reproductive System:
Menstruation:
1. Explain the Phases of Menstruation

A
  1. Menstrual Phase - uterus lining starts to shed if there is no pregnancy
  2. Follicular Phase - maturation of ovarian follicles to prepare for release.
  3. Ovulatory Phase - egg is released and moves to the fallopian tube for fertilization.
  4. Luteal Phase - prepares the uterus for pregnancy by thickening the endometrium.
30
Q

Organ System:
1. System responsible for transporting nutrients and gases to all parts of the body.

A

Circulatory System

31
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
1. Fluid connective tissue that circulates nutrients to different parts of the body.

A

Blood

32
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Blood Composition

A

55% Plasma
45% Blood Cells

33
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Blood Composition:
1. Liquid state of blood and is pale yellow in color that carries nutrients and wastes and also helps maintain blood pressure and homeostasis.

A

Plasma

34
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Blood Composition:
1. Red Blood Cells
2. Transports oxygen from the lungs to body cells and deliver carbon dioxide from body cells to the lungs.
3. Contains the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin

A

Erythrocytes

35
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Blood Composition:
1. White blood cells
2. Protects the body from invading pathogens and other foreign substances.

A

Leukocytes

36
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Blood Composition:
1. Platelets
2. Cells that promote blood clotting when blood vessels are damaged.

A

Thrombocytes

37
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
1. Network of pathways through which blood travels

A

Blood Vessels

38
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Three Types of Blood Vessels

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Veins
  3. Capillaries
39
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Blood Vessels:
1. Transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the various parts of the body.

A

Arteries

40
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Blood Vessels:
1. Transports deoxygenated blood towards the heart from the various parts of the body.

A

Veins

41
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Blood Vessels:
1. Smallest and most numerous
2. Forms the connection between arteries and veins
3. Where exchange of oxygen and nutrients for carbon dioxide and waste occurs.

A

Capillaries

42
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
1. About the size of a clenched fist
2. Muscular organ that pumps blood through the body.

A

Heart

43
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Heart:
1. Chambers of the heart that receives blood.

A

Atrium

44
Q

Organ System:
Reproductive System:
Process of Fertilization

A
  1. Sperm moves from the TESTIS to the EPIDIDYMIS to the VAS DEFERENS to the EJACULATORY DUCT into the URETHRA.
  2. The sperm enters the VAGINA where some sperms die due to the acidic environment, while others survive.
  3. The sperm must enter the CERVIX and continues to the UTERUS.
  4. The sperms then swim towards the FALLOPIAN TUBE, where others swims to the empty one, while the others swim towards the one with an egg.
  5. The egg then is pushed where they will meet with the sperm at the FALLOPIAN TUBE.
  6. The sperm then must pushed through the OUTER LAYER of the egg to enter the INNER LAYER.
  7. The first sperm to make contact with the INNER LAYER becomes fertilized then preventing other sperms to enter the egg.
  8. The genetic material inside the sperm spreads out and new membrane forms around it; now called the MALE PRONUCLEUS.
  9. The female genetic material divides to become the FEMALE PRONUCLEUS.
  10. MICROTUBULES pulls the MALE PRONUCLEUS and FEMALE PRONUCLEUS together, fusing their genetic material together.
  11. The fertilized egg is gently sweeped from the FALLOPIAN TUBE to be implanted on the UTERUS.
45
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Blood Formation

A

Blood cells are made in the BONE MARROW – the soft, spongy material inside the center of the bones. They start as STEM CELLS – cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body. Eventually, when the stem cells mature, several distinct cells can be formed, such as blood cells.

46
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Heart:
1. Chambers of the heart that pumps blood

A

Ventricles

47
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Heart:
1. Biggest artery in the body that carries blood away from the heart

A

Aorta

48
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Heart:
1. Large veins that brings deoxygenated blood to the heart

A

Vena Cava

49
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Heart:
1. A wall dividing the chambers of the heart.

A

Septum

50
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Heart:
1. Flaps of tissues that ensures that blood flows in a single direction.

A

Valve

51
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Heart:
Layers of the Heart Wall

A
  1. Endocardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Epicardium
52
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Heart:
Layers of the Heart Wall:
1. Innermost layer that prevents blood from sticking, thereby avoiding the formation of fatal blood clots.

A

Endocardium

53
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Heart:
Layers of the Heart Wall:
1. Middle layer of muscle tissue responsible for the heart’s pumping action

A

Myocardium

54
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Heart:
Layers of the Heart Wall:
1. Outermost layer that protects and lubricates the outer section

A

Epicardium

55
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Types of Circulation

A
  1. Pulmonary
  2. Systematic
  3. Coronary
56
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Types of Circulation:
1. Responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood away from the heart and then bringing back oxygenated blood back to the heart.

A

Pulmonary Circulation

57
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Types of Circulation:
1. Where oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and deoxygenated blood comes back again to the heart.

A

Systematic Circulation

58
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Types of Circulation
1. Where oxygenated blood is supplied to to the heart muscles.

A

Coronary Circulation

59
Q

Organ System:
Circulatory System:
Blood Flow in the Heart

A
  1. The SUPERIOR VENA CAVA and INFERIOR VENA CAVA receives deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower extremities.
  2. The deoxygenated blood then is received by the RIGHT ATRIUM.
  3. The deoxygenated blood then enters the TRICUSPID VALVE then to the RIGHT VENTRICLE.
  4. The ventricle then pumps the deoxygenated blood to the PULMONARY ARTERY through the PULMONARY VALVE.
  5. The deoxygenated blood then goes to the LUNGS, where gas exchange will occur.
  6. The deoxygenated blood then becomes oxygenated.
  7. The oxygenated blood goes back to the heart through the PULMONARY VEINS.
  8. It will then be received by the LEFT ATRIUM.
  9. The oxygenated blood then goes to the LEFT VENTRICLE through the BICUSPID VALVE.
  10. The oxygenated blood is pumped through the AORTIC VALVE which goes to the AORTA.
    The oxygenated blood is then supplied throughout the body.

Biology (23 decks)

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