Plant Classification, Stems, & Leaves Flashcards
Botany:
Plant Classification
Vascular and Non-Vascular Plants
Botany:
Plant Classification:
1. They have specialized vascular tubes that transport water and food.
Vascular Plants
Botany:
Plant Classification:
1. They lack a specialized vascular system.
Non-Vascular Plants
Botany:
Vascular Tubes
Xylem and Phloem
Botany:
Vascular Tubes:
1. Transports water and minerals
2. One-way flow (upward)
3. Bulk Transport
Xylem
Botany:
Vascular Tubes:
1. Transports water and food
2. Two-way flow
3. Osmotic Transport
Phloem
Botany:
Vascular Plants Classification
Seed-Bearing and Spore-Bearing Plants
Botany:
Vascular Plants Classification:
1. Plants that produce seeds
Seed-Bearing Plants
Botany:
Vascular Plants Classification:
1. Plants that produce spores
Spore-Bearing Plants
Botany:
Seed-Bearing Plants Classification
Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
Botany:
Seed-Bearing Plants Classification:
1. A seed is produced by flowering plants and is enclosed within an ovary.
2. Leaves are flat in shape.
Angiosperms
Botany:
Seed-Bearing Plants Classification:
1. A seed is produced by non-flowering plants and are unenclosed or naked.
2. Leaves are scale-like and needle-like in shape.
Gymnosperms
Botany:
Angiosperms Classification
Dicot and Monocot
Botany:
Angiosperms Classification:
1. Have a pair of cotyledons
2. Have a taproot system
Dicot
Botany:
Angiosperms Classification:
1. Have a single cotyledon.
2. Have a fibrous root system.
Monocot
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Plant axis that connects the roots to the leaves and flowers.
2. Passageway of nutrients from the soil to the different parts of the body.
Stem
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Above part of a plant with its appendages
Shoot
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. The point of attachment of leaves
Nodes
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Regions between nodes
2. Vascular system carrying substances from nodes to nodes.
Internodes
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. A bud that grows from the axil of a leaf that may develop into vegetative or floral bud.
Axillary Bud
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Also known as ‘Terminal Bud’
2. A bud that is found at the extreme tip of each stem.
3. Produces a plant hormone called auxin
Apical Bud
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. The angle between the leaf and the stem
Axil
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Modified leaves or lateral branches capable of twinning around small objects.
Tendrils
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Large, globe-shaped, underground immature leaves that functions as a food storage.
Bulbs
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Enlarged underground stems that store food for the plant.
Corms
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Horizontal underground stems with non-green, fleshy, distinct nodes and internodes.
2. Brownish in color.
3. Allows a plant to spread underground.
Rhizomes
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Horizontal like rhizomes, but they grow only for a short period and are mainly a means of storing nutrients.
Tubers
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Raised circular areas on stems and roots.
2. Allows gases to pass into the plants.
Lenticles
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. The arrangement of leaves on the stem
Phyllotaxy
Botany:
Plant Structure:
Phyllotaxy:
1. Only one leaf is present at each node.
Alternate Phyllotaxy
Botany:
Plant Structure:
Phyllotaxy:
1. Two leaves per node
Opposite Phyllotaxy
Botany:
Plant Structure:
Phyllotaxy:
1. Three or more leaves per node.
Whorled Phyllotaxy
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. The large, flat, green structures involved in photosynthesis.
Leaves
Botany:
Plant Structure:
Leaves:
1. Has a blade of just one part.
Simple Leaf
Botany:
Plant Structure:
Leaves:
1. Has a blade that is divided into several individual parts.
Compound Leaf
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Also known ‘Lamina’
2. Flat, light-harvesting portion of the leaf.
Leaf Blade
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. The stalk that holds the blade out into the light.
Petiole
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. The main or central vein of a leaf that provides a frame to the leaf blade.
Midvein
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Vascular tissues composed of xylem and phloem.
2. Small channel that transport water and minerals to and from the leaves of a plant.
Veins
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. The main axis that acts as a support for compound leaves.
Rachis
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Leaf-like units that make up a compound leaf.
Leaflet
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Leaves that do not have a petiole and are directly attached to the stem.
Sessile Leaf
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Leaves that are attached to the stem by a very short petiole.
Subsessile Leaf
Botany:
Plant Structure:
1. Leaves that are attached to the stem by a long petiole.
Petiolate Leaf
