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Immune & Integumentary System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organ System:
1. System composed of cells and organs that protect the body against pathogens.

A

Immune System

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2
Q

Organ System:
Immune System:
1. Microorganisms that cause infections in the body

A

Pathogen

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3
Q

Organ System:
Immune System:
1. Substances that causes the immune system to produce antibodies against it

A

Antigen

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4
Q

Organ System:
Immune System:
1. Any substance that contains weakened or inactive parts of a particular organisms which is used to stimulate the production of antibodies.

A

Vaccine

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5
Q

Organ System:
Immune System:
1. The ability to ward off damage or disease through defenses

A

Immunity

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6
Q

Organ System:
Immune System:
Two Types of Immunity

A

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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7
Q

Organ System:
Immune System:
Two Types of Immunity:
1. Defenses that are present at birth

A

Innate Immunity

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8
Q

Organ System:
Immune System:
Two Types of Immunity:
1. Defenses that involve specific recognition of a pathogen once it has breached the innate immunity defenses.
2. Adapts to handle a specific pathogen.

A

Adaptive Immunity

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9
Q

Organ System:
1. System that helps maintain a constant body temperature, protects the body, and provides sensory information about the surrounding environment.

A

Integumentary System

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10
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
1. Covers the external surface of the body and is the largest organ of the body in weight.

A

Skin

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11
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Layers of the Skin

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
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12
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Layers of the Skin:
1. Superficial thinner portion of the skin
2. Contains four principal types of cells: Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Intraepidermal macrophages, tactile epithelial cells.

A

Epidermis

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13
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
1. A tough, fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlyng tissues.

A

Keratin

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14
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
1. A pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs damaging ultraviolet (UV) light.

A

Melanin

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15
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
1. Cells that participate in immune responses mounted against microbes that invade the skin.
2. Help other cells of the immune system to recognize an invading microbe and destroy it.

A

Langerhans Cell or Intraepidermal Macrophages

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16
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Cells in the skin that detects touch sensations.

A

Tactile Epithelial Cells

17
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Layers of the Epidermis`

A
  1. Basale
  2. Spinosum
  3. Granulosum
  4. Lucidum
  5. Corneum
18
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Layers of the Epidermis:
1. Deepest layer of the epidermis composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes.
2. Some cells in this layer are stem cells that help produce new keratinocytes.

A

Stratum Basale

19
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Layers of the Epidermis:
1. Consists of numerous keratinocytes arranged in 8 -10 layers

A

Stratum Spinosum

20
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Layers of the Epidermis:
1. Middle layer
2. Consists of 3 - 5 layers of flattened keratinocytes that are undergoing apoptosis.

A

Stratum Granulosum

21
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Layers of the Epidermis:
1. Present only in thick skin of areas such as fingertips, palms, and soles.
2. Consists of four to six layers of flattened, clear, dead keratinocytes.
3. Provides an additional level of toughness in the region of thick skin.

A

Stratum Lucidum

22
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Layers of the Epidermis:
1. Consists of average of 25 to 30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes.
2. Constant exposure of this skin layer to friction stimulates increased cell production and keratin production that results in the formation of a callus.

A

Stratum Corneum

23
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Layers of the Skin:
1. Layer of the skin that has the ability to stretch and recoil easily.
2. Much thicker than the epidermis.
3. Where blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles are embedded.

A

Dermis

24
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Layers of the Skin:
1. Consists of adipose tissues that serves as a storage depot for fat and contains large blood vessels that supply the skin.

A

Subcutaneous Layer or Hypodermis

25
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Skin Glands:
1. Oil glands
2. Secretes Sebum
3. Prevents hairs from drying out, prevent water loss from skin.

A

Sebaceous Glands

26
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Skin Glands:
1. Sweat glands
2. Secretes sweat
3. Helps regulate the body temperature, waste removal, and stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement.

A

Sudoriferous Glands

27
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
Skin Glands:
1. Modified sweat glands in the ear.
2. Secretes earwax
3. Helps impede entrance of foreign bodies into external ear canals.

A

Ceruminous Glands

28
Q

Organ System:
Integumentary System:
1. Plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells that form a clear, solid covering.

A

Nails

Biology (23 decks)

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