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SAT II BIOLOGY > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Leeuwenhoek

A

Invented the first microscope

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2
Q

Robert Hooke

A

-Studied cork, “cell”

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3
Q

Schleiden

A

Plants are made of cells

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4
Q

Schwann

A

Animals are made of cells

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5
Q

Virchow

A

cell reproduction

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6
Q

Cell theory

A
  1. All living things are made of cells
  2. All cells arise from other cells
  3. Cells are the basic unit of all organism
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7
Q

Diameters of plant and animal cells

A

10-100 micrometers

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8
Q

Theory of endosymbiosis

A

Eukaryotic cells containing organells like mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved when free-living prokaryotes took up permanent residence inside larger prokaryotic cells about 2 billion years ago

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9
Q

Smooth ER

A
  • Makes steroid hormones and lipids
  • Detoxifies cell
  • Carbohydrate (glycogen) metabolism
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10
Q

Apoptosis

A
  • programmed cell death

- critical to the embryonic development of multicellular organisms

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11
Q

Contractile vacuoles

A

Protists; pump excess water out of cell

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12
Q

Chromoplasts

A

store carotenoid pigments

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13
Q

Microtubules

A

Thick hollow tubes that make up the cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers

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14
Q

Microfilaments

A

-made of the protein actin; support
Enable:
1. animal cells to form a cleavage furrow
2. Move pseudopods in amoeba
3. Skeletal muscles to contract by sliding along myosin filaments

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15
Q

Middle lamella

A

Cell plate in plant cell division

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16
Q

Cytosol

A

Semiliquid portion of the cytoplasm

17
Q

Cyclosis

A

Organells get carried around the cell as the cytoplasm cycles around the cell

18
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Cell shrinking

19
Q

Exocytosis

A

Active release of molecules from cell

20
Q

Pinocytosis

A
  • Cell drinking
  • Uptake of large, dissolved molecules (tiny particles)
  • Endocytosis
21
Q

Phagocytosis

A
  • Engulfing of large particles by pseudopods

- Human white cells, amoeba

22
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A
  • Take large quantities of very specific substances

- bind to receptors on membrane

23
Q

Egestion

A

Removal of undigested waste

24
Q

Irritability

A

Ability to respond to stimuli

25
Q

Phase-contrast microscope

A
  • A light microscope that enhances contrast

- Useful in examining living, unstained cells

26
Q

Ultracentrifuge

A
  • Study tissue
  • Isolate specific components of cells in large quantities by cell fractionation
  • Tissue in blender; the liquid(homogenate) is spun at high speed in an ultracentrifuge and separate into layers based on density
27
Q

Freeze fracture

A
  • Freeze-etching

- study details of membrane structure under an electron microscope

28
Q

Tissue culture

A

-Study the properties of specific cells in vitro(lab)

SAT II BIOLOGY (26 decks)

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