The Cell

Question 1

Leeuwenhoek

Answer 1

Invented the first microscope

Question 2

Robert Hooke

Answer 2

-Studied cork, “cell”

Question 3

Schleiden

Answer 3

Plants are made of cells

Question 4

Schwann

Answer 4

Animals are made of cells

Question 5

Virchow

Answer 5

cell reproduction

Question 6

Cell theory

Answer 6

1. All living things are made of cells
2. All cells arise from other cells
3. Cells are the basic unit of all organism

Question 7

Diameters of plant and animal cells

Answer 7

10-100 micrometers

Question 8

Theory of endosymbiosis

Answer 8

Eukaryotic cells containing organells like mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved when free-living prokaryotes took up permanent residence inside larger prokaryotic cells about 2 billion years ago

Question 9

Smooth ER

Answer 9

• Makes steroid hormones and lipids
• Detoxifies cell
• Carbohydrate (glycogen) metabolism

Question 10

Apoptosis

Answer 10

• programmed cell death

- critical to the embryonic development of multicellular organisms

Question 11

Contractile vacuoles

Answer 11

Protists; pump excess water out of cell

Question 12

Chromoplasts

Answer 12

store carotenoid pigments

Question 13

Microtubules

Answer 13

Thick hollow tubes that make up the cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers

Question 14

Microfilaments

Answer 14

-made of the protein actin; support
Enable:
1. animal cells to form a cleavage furrow
2. Move pseudopods in amoeba
3. Skeletal muscles to contract by sliding along myosin filaments

Question 15

Middle lamella

Answer 15

Cell plate in plant cell division

Question 16

Cytosol

Answer 16

Semiliquid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 17

Cyclosis

Answer 17

Organells get carried around the cell as the cytoplasm cycles around the cell

Question 18

Plasmolysis

Answer 18

Cell shrinking

Question 19

Exocytosis

Answer 19

Active release of molecules from cell

Question 20

Pinocytosis

Answer 20

• Cell drinking
• Uptake of large, dissolved molecules (tiny particles)
• Endocytosis

Question 21

Phagocytosis

Answer 21

• Engulfing of large particles by pseudopods

- Human white cells, amoeba

Question 22

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 22

• Take large quantities of very specific substances

- bind to receptors on membrane

Question 23

Egestion

Answer 23

Removal of undigested waste

Question 24

Irritability

Answer 24

Ability to respond to stimuli

Question 25

Phase-contrast microscope

Answer 25

• A light microscope that enhances contrast

- Useful in examining living, unstained cells

Question 26

Ultracentrifuge

Answer 26

• Study tissue
• Isolate specific components of cells in large quantities by cell fractionation
• Tissue in blender; the liquid(homogenate) is spun at high speed in an ultracentrifuge and separate into layers based on density

Question 27

Freeze fracture

Answer 27

• Freeze-etching

- study details of membrane structure under an electron microscope

Question 28

Tissue culture

Answer 28

-Study the properties of specific cells in vitro(lab)