Taxonomy Flashcards
Extremophiles
Microorganism that live in extreme environments(ARCHAEA)
Peptidoglycan
Substance that makes up bacteria’s thick,rigid cell wall
Bacteria has no…?
Introns (noncoding regions within the DNA)
What are 3 types of Archaea
- Methanogens
- Halophiles
- Thermophiles
Methanogens
Obtain energy in a unique way by producing methane from hydrogen
Halophiles
Thrive in environments with high salt concentrations like Utah’s Great Salt Lake
Thermophiles
Thrive in very high temperatures, like hot springs or deep sea vents
What 4 kingdoms are in the domain Eukarya?
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
What are important evolutionary trends in animals?
- Specialization of tissues
- Germ layers
- Body Symmetry
- Development of a head end
- Body cavity formation
Diploblastic
- Animals with only 2 cell layers
- Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoglea
- Porifera and cnidarians
Which animals are diploblastic?
Porifera and cnidarians
mesoglea
Middle glue that holds endoderm and ectoderm together
Triploblastic
Have 3 true cell layers; more complex
Cephalization
Development of a head
Head end
anteriro
Rear end
posterior
What are clustered at the anterior end?
Sensory apparatus, a brain; or ganglia
What are located at the posterior end?
Digestive, excretory, reproductive structures
Which animals lack a head end?
Sponges and cnidarians
Coelom
- A fluid-filled body cavity that is surrounded by mesoderm
- Provides a space for elaborate organ systems
Acoelomates
- Don’t have a coelom
- Flatworms and other primitive animals
Pseudocoelomates
- Have a fluid-filled tube between the endoderm and the mesoderm
- not completely lined by mesoderm
- Nematodes or roundworms
Coelomates
- Animals with a coelom
- The most complex in the kingdom
- Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata
What phylas are coelomates?
Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata
No symmetry
Primitive
Head with sensory apparatus
Complex
Motile
Complex
Acoelomate
Primitive
Bilateral symmetry
Complex
Mesoglea holds 2 cell layers together
Primitive
True tissues, organs, and organ systems
Complex
No head
Primitive
No true tissues
Primitive
3 cell layers, including mesoderm
COmplex
LIttle specialization
Primitive
Sessile
Primitive
Much specialization
Complex
Order of animal development
Porifera, Cnidarians, Platyhelminthes, Nematodes, Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms, Chordates
What kind of organisms came first?
Heterotrophs
Porifera
- Sponges
- No symmetry
- No nerve or muscle tissue
- Sessile
- Filter nutrients from water drawn into a central cavity
- 2 cell layers(ecoderm and endoderm; mesoglea)
- Specialized cells but no true tissues or organs
- evolved from colonial organisms
- Reproduce by fragmentation or as hermaphrodites
Ectotherm
-heated from outside
endotherm
- homeotherm
- birds and mammals
Ammonia
- Very soluble in water and highly toxic
- Excreted by water organisms(hydra, fish)
Urea
- Not as toxic as ammonia
- Excreted by earthworms and humans
- In mammals, formed in the liver from ammonia
Uric Acid
- Pastelike, not soluble in water; not very toxic
- excreted by insects, reptiles, birds - minimum water loss
