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SAT II BIOLOGY > Taxonomy > Flashcards

Taxonomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Extremophiles

A

Microorganism that live in extreme environments(ARCHAEA)

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2
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Substance that makes up bacteria’s thick,rigid cell wall

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3
Q

Bacteria has no…?

A

Introns (noncoding regions within the DNA)

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4
Q

What are 3 types of Archaea

A
  1. Methanogens
  2. Halophiles
  3. Thermophiles
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5
Q

Methanogens

A

Obtain energy in a unique way by producing methane from hydrogen

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6
Q

Halophiles

A

Thrive in environments with high salt concentrations like Utah’s Great Salt Lake

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7
Q

Thermophiles

A

Thrive in very high temperatures, like hot springs or deep sea vents

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8
Q

What 4 kingdoms are in the domain Eukarya?

A

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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9
Q

What are important evolutionary trends in animals?

A
  1. Specialization of tissues
  2. Germ layers
  3. Body Symmetry
  4. Development of a head end
  5. Body cavity formation
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10
Q

Diploblastic

A
  • Animals with only 2 cell layers
  • Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoglea
  • Porifera and cnidarians
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11
Q

Which animals are diploblastic?

A

Porifera and cnidarians

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12
Q

mesoglea

A

Middle glue that holds endoderm and ectoderm together

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13
Q

Triploblastic

A

Have 3 true cell layers; more complex

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14
Q

Cephalization

A

Development of a head

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15
Q

Head end

A

anteriro

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16
Q

Rear end

A

posterior

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17
Q

What are clustered at the anterior end?

A

Sensory apparatus, a brain; or ganglia

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18
Q

What are located at the posterior end?

A

Digestive, excretory, reproductive structures

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19
Q

Which animals lack a head end?

A

Sponges and cnidarians

20
Q

Coelom

A
  • A fluid-filled body cavity that is surrounded by mesoderm

- Provides a space for elaborate organ systems

21
Q

Acoelomates

A
  • Don’t have a coelom

- Flatworms and other primitive animals

22
Q

Pseudocoelomates

A
  • Have a fluid-filled tube between the endoderm and the mesoderm
  • not completely lined by mesoderm
  • Nematodes or roundworms
23
Q

Coelomates

A
  • Animals with a coelom
  • The most complex in the kingdom
  • Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata
24
Q

What phylas are coelomates?

A

Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata

25
Q

No symmetry

A

Primitive

26
Q

Head with sensory apparatus

A

Complex

27
Q

Motile

A

Complex

28
Q

Acoelomate

A

Primitive

29
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

Complex

30
Q

Mesoglea holds 2 cell layers together

A

Primitive

31
Q

True tissues, organs, and organ systems

A

Complex

32
Q

No head

A

Primitive

33
Q

No true tissues

A

Primitive

34
Q

3 cell layers, including mesoderm

A

COmplex

35
Q

LIttle specialization

A

Primitive

36
Q

Sessile

A

Primitive

37
Q

Much specialization

A

Complex

38
Q

Order of animal development

A

Porifera, Cnidarians, Platyhelminthes, Nematodes, Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms, Chordates

39
Q

What kind of organisms came first?

A

Heterotrophs

40
Q

Porifera

A
  • Sponges
  • No symmetry
  • No nerve or muscle tissue
  • Sessile
  • Filter nutrients from water drawn into a central cavity
  • 2 cell layers(ecoderm and endoderm; mesoglea)
  • Specialized cells but no true tissues or organs
  • evolved from colonial organisms
  • Reproduce by fragmentation or as hermaphrodites
41
Q

Ectotherm

A

-heated from outside

42
Q

endotherm

A
  • homeotherm

- birds and mammals

43
Q

Ammonia

A
  • Very soluble in water and highly toxic

- Excreted by water organisms(hydra, fish)

44
Q

Urea

A
  • Not as toxic as ammonia
  • Excreted by earthworms and humans
  • In mammals, formed in the liver from ammonia
45
Q

Uric Acid

A
  • Pastelike, not soluble in water; not very toxic

- excreted by insects, reptiles, birds - minimum water loss

SAT II BIOLOGY (26 decks)

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