Digestion Flashcards
1
Q
Parts of Digestion
A
- Mechanical - breaking up food into small pieces
- Chemical - breakign down polymers with enzymes into small pieces
- Absorption - taking nutrients up into cells
2
Q
Alimentary canal
A
- path of food through the body
- mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomach small intestine - large intestine - rectum
3
Q
Mouth
A
- Mechanical and chemical digestion begins here
- the enzyme salivary amylase in saliva begins starch digestion
- tongue and teeth break down food mechanically
- incisors for cutting, canines for tearing, molars for grinding
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4
Q
Where does starch digestion begin?
A
5
Q
Peristalsis
A
- wavelike muscular action conducted by smooth msulce
- esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
- involuntary contractions
6
Q
salivary amylase
A
- pytalin
- breaks starch into maltose
7
Q
Esophagus
A
- NO digestion occurs here
- transports food from throat to stomach
- peristalsis
- foods is directed away from the windpipe by the epiglottis, a flap of cartilage in the back of the pharynx(throat)
8
Q
Epiglottis
A
a flap of carilage in the back of the pharynx(throat)
9
Q
Pharynx
A
throat
10
Q
Stomach
A
- Mechanical and chemical digestion
- Protein digestion begins here
- thick, muscular wall churns food mechanically
- gastric glands produce hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin
- acidic, low pH(2-3) necessary from pepsin; destroys ingested microoragnisms
11
Q
Hydrochloric Acid
A
- begins the breakdown of muscle(meat)
- activates the inactive enzyme pepsinogen to becom pepsin, which digests protein
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12
Q
Pepsinogen
A
inactive enzyme activiated by hydrochloric acide to become pepsin, which breaks down protein
13
Q
Rennin
A
aids the digestion of the protein in milk
14
Q
Cardiac Sphincter
A
- at the top of the stomach
- keeps acidified food in the stomach from backing up into the esophagus and burning it
15
Q
Pyloric Sphincter
A
- bottom of stomach
- keeps food inthe stomach long enough to be digested
- Through it, Chyme enters the duodenum
16
Q
Where does protein digestion begin?
A
Stomach