Animal Behavior

Question 1

Ethology

Answer 1

The study of behavior and its relationship to its evolutionary origin

Question 2

Karl von Frisch

Answer 2

-Studied honeybee communication - bee waggle dance

Question 3

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 3

Imprinting

Geese experiment

Question 4

Niko Tinbergen

Answer 4

Fixed action pattern

Dog, food experiment

Question 5

Fixed Action Pattern (FAP)

Answer 5

• Innate, highly stereotypical behavior that continues no matter what
• initiated by sign stimuli
• ex/ Sickleback fish (would attack red belly)

Question 6

Releasers

Answer 6

Sign stimuli exchanged between members of the same species

Question 7

Learning

Answer 7

• Responses of the organism are modified as a result of experience
• tied to the length of life and brain complexity
• Habituation, Associative Learning, imprinting

Question 8

Habituation

Answer 8

• Simplest forms of learning

- Animal comes to ignore a persistent stimulus

Question 9

Associative Learning

Answer 9

• 1 stimulus becomes linked to another through experience

- Classical & operant conditioning

Question 10

Classical Conditioning

Answer 10

-Ivan Pavlov(dogs associate bell with food)

Question 11

Ivan Palov

Answer 11

Classical Conditioning

Dogs

Question 12

Operant Conditioning

Answer 12

• Trial and error learning
• Learns to associate one of its own behaviors with a reward/punishment and then repeats or avoids that behavior
• Animal training
• B.F. Skinner (Rat and lever)

Question 13

B.F. Skinner

Answer 13

• Operant Conditioning experiment

- Rat and lever and food

Question 14

Imprinting

Answer 14

• Occurs during a sensitive or critical period in early life and is irreversible for that period
• MOther-offspring bonding
• Konrad Lorenz(geese)

Question 15

Social Behaviors

Answer 15

Cooperation, agaonistic, dominance hierarchies, territoriality, altruism

Question 16

Cooperation

Answer 16

-Hunting

Question 17

Agonistic Behavior

Answer 17

-Aggressive behavior

Question 18

Dominance Hierarchies

Answer 18

• Pecking order behaviors that dictate the social position of an animal in a culture
• Each animal threatens all animals beneath it in the pecking order

Question 19

Territoriality

Answer 19

• A territory is an area an organism defends and excludes other members of the community
• established and defended by agonistic behaviors

Question 20

Altruism

Answer 20

• Reduces an individual’s reproductive fitness(may die) while increasing the fitness of the group or family
• Worker bees sting

Question 21

How can altruism evolve if the altruistic individual dies?

Answer 21

• Kin selection

- Protects kin, share similar genes