The Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards
Cardiorespiratory system consist of
heart, blood, and blood vessels
Cardiac muscle
shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle; involuntary
Atria
smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins.
Right atrium
gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart.
Left atrium
gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
located in right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate; “pacemaker for the heart
What are Ventricles?
larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out.
Right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs.
Left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
Arteries
carry blood away from the heart.
Veins
transport blood back to the heart
Arterioles
small branches of arteries; end in capillaries
Capillaries
smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange.
Venules
very small veins; connect capillaries to larger veins.
Stroke volume
amount of blood pumped with each contraction.
Heart rate—
the rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult = 70-80 bpm
Cardiac output
volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate × stroke volume
Respiratory system
lungs and respiratory passageways; brings in oxygen, removes CO2
Inspiration
contracting inspiratory muscles to move air into lungs
Inspiratory muscles:
Inspiratory muscles:
• Primary—diaphragm, external intercostals.
• Secondary—scalenes, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid.
Resting oxygen consumption (VO2
r3.5 ml × kg-1 × min-1 = 1 metabolic equivalent (MET)
Expiration
relaxing inspiratory muscles (passive), contracting expiratory muscles (active) to move air out. Expiratory muscles—internal intercostals, abdominals.
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion.
Abnormal breathing patterns
—associated with stress and anxiety; may result in headaches, fatigue, poor circulation, and/or poor sleep patterns.
Cardiorespiratory exercise:
Cardiorespiratory exercise:
• Increases 10 things in the body—
cardiac output, breathing efficiency, oxygen transport and use of fats for fuel, mental alertness, ability to relax and sleep, tolerance to stress, lean body mass, metabolic rate.
• Decreases 9 things in the body—
resting heart rate, cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risks of heart disease, blood clots, depression, anxiety, obesity, and diabetes.
