The Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

Cardiorespiratory system consist of

Answer 1

heart, blood, and blood vessels

Question 2

Cardiac muscle

Answer 2

shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle; involuntary

Question 3

Atria

Answer 3

smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins.

Question 4

Right atrium

Answer 4

gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart.

Question 5

Left atrium

Answer 5

gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Question 6

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 6

located in right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate; “pacemaker for the heart

Question 7

What are Ventricles?

Answer 7

larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out.

Question 8

Right ventricle

Answer 8

pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs.

Question 9

Left ventricle

Answer 9

pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Question 10

Arteries

Answer 10

carry blood away from the heart.

Question 11

Veins

Answer 11

transport blood back to the heart

Question 12

Arterioles

Answer 12

small branches of arteries; end in capillaries

Question 13

Capillaries

Answer 13

smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange.

Question 14

Venules

Answer 14

very small veins; connect capillaries to larger veins.

Question 15

Stroke volume

Answer 15

amount of blood pumped with each contraction.

Question 16

Heart rate—

Answer 16

the rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult = 70-80 bpm

Question 17

Cardiac output

Answer 17

volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate × stroke volume

Question 18

Respiratory system

Answer 18

lungs and respiratory passageways; brings in oxygen, removes CO2

Question 19

Inspiration

Answer 19

contracting inspiratory muscles to move air into lungs

Question 20

Inspiratory muscles:

Answer 20

Inspiratory muscles:
• Primary—diaphragm, external intercostals.
• Secondary—scalenes, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid.

Question 21

Resting oxygen consumption (VO2

Answer 21

r3.5 ml × kg-1 × min-1 = 1 metabolic equivalent (MET)

Question 22

Expiration

Answer 22

relaxing inspiratory muscles (passive), contracting expiratory muscles (active) to move air out. Expiratory muscles—internal intercostals, abdominals.

Question 23

Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)

Answer 23

highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion.

Question 24

Abnormal breathing patterns

Answer 24

—associated with stress and anxiety; may result in headaches, fatigue, poor circulation, and/or poor sleep patterns.

Question 25

Cardiorespiratory exercise:

Answer 25

Cardiorespiratory exercise:

• Increases 10 things in the body—
cardiac output, breathing efficiency, oxygen transport and use of fats for fuel, mental alertness, ability to relax and sleep, tolerance to stress, lean body mass, metabolic rate.

• Decreases 9 things in the body—
resting heart rate, cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risks of heart disease, blood clots, depression, anxiety, obesity, and diabetes.