The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

General Features of the Brain

A
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2
Q

Features of the brain

Central suclus

A

Pre-central (motor cortex) and post-central (sensory cortex) either side of sulcus

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3
Q

Features of the brain

Longitudinal fissue

A

Contains anterior cerebral arteries

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4
Q

Features of the brain

Lateral fissue

A

Contains middle cerebral artery

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5
Q

Features of the brain

Lumps and grooves of folds

A

Each lump is a Gyrus

Each groove is a Sulcus

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6
Q

Cerebral Hemispheres

A
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7
Q

Median Sagittal Section of the Brain

A
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8
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

White matter tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres

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9
Q

Association tracts

A

Between gyri of the same hemisphere

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10
Q

Commisural tracts/fibres

A

From one hemisphere to the corresponding region of the other

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11
Q

Projection fibres

A

From cerebrum to thalamus, brainstem etc

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12
Q

Coronal Section through Brain

A
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13
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Regulate initiation and termination of body movements.

Thought to be involved with memory, planning and emotional response.

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14
Q

Diencephalon

Thalamus

A

Major sensory relay station

Spinal cord, brainstem, midbrain to the thalamus then to cerebral hemispheres

Involved in motor pathways

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15
Q

Diencephalon

Hypothalamus

A

Regulation of autonomic nervous system and homeostasis

Produces hormones

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16
Q

Diencephalon

Pineal gland

A

Epithalamus - Produces melatonin to regulate body clock

Epithalamus also contains habenular nucles for olfaction and emotional response

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17
Q

Midbrain

Connects

A

Connects pons and medulla to diencephalon

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18
Q

Midbrain

Superior Colliculi

A

Visiual tracking and scanning

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19
Q

Midbrain

Inferior colliculi

A

Auditory startle reflex

20
Q

Midbrain

Substatia niagra

A

Control sub-conscious muscle action

21
Q

Midbrain

Red nuclei

A

Co-ordinate muscle movement

22
Q

Pons

A

Pontine Nuclei - Coordinate and maximise voluntary motor output. Tracts which help with breathing.

Origin of Cranial Nerves V, VI, VII, and Vestibular Part of VIII

23
Q

Medulla

A

Contains pyramids (motor tracts), cardiovascular centres, breathing centres, nuclei concerned with touch, pressure and vibration.

The olives - proprioception (joint and muscle position)

Origin of Cranial Nerves IX, X, XI, XII, and cochlear part of VIII

24
Q

Cerebellum

Vermis

A

Between lobes

25
Q

Cerebellum

Controls

A

Sub-conscious aspects of skeletal muscle movements and coordinates complex sequences

26
Q

Cerebellum

Regulates

A

Posture and balance

27
Q

Cerebellum

Superior/Middle/Inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

Superior: Midbrain to cerebellum.

Middle: Pons to cerebellum

Inferior: Medulla to cerebellum

28
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Releases growth hormone, FSH and LH.

29
Q

Meninges

Pia mater

A

Innermost layer, sticks to surface of neural tissue

30
Q

Meninges

Arachnoid Mater

A

Middle layer, fine “spiderweb” of connective tissue

31
Q

Meninges

Dura mater

A

Outermost layer, tough connective tissue sheath

32
Q

Meninges

Sub-arachnoid space

A

Lies between pia and arachnoid. Contains Cerebrospinal Fluid.

33
Q

Meninges Covering the Brain

Dura Mater

A

Dura lines skull, protecting brain and forming dural venous sinuses

34
Q

Meninges Covering the Brain

Arachnoid Mater

A

Covers surface of brain and carries blood vessels

35
Q

Meninges Covering the Brain

Pia Mater

A

Adheres to surface of brain, going into the sulci and around the gyri

36
Q

Blood Supply to Meninges

Anterior Meningeal Artery

A

From ethmoid branches of the internal carotid supplies the dura of the anterior fossa

37
Q

Blood Supply to Meninges

Middle meningeal artery

A

From the maxillary artery passes through the foramen spinosum to supply the dura with blood. Is the major vessel supplying the dura and damage will lead to an extra-dura hematoma (compresses brain)

38
Q

Blood Supply to Meninges

Posterior Meningeal Artery

A

From occipital artery. Supplies dura of posterior fossa

39
Q

Ventricles of the Brain

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

Runs through the midbrain to connect the 3rd and 4th ventricles

40
Q

Ventricles of the Brain

Lateral ventricle

A

One in each hemisphere

41
Q

Ventricles of the Brain

4th Ventricle

A

Connects to the sub-arachnoid space via the lateral (x2) and median (x1) apertures and is connected to the central canal of the spinal cord

42
Q

Ventricles of the Brain

3rd Ventricle

A

Inside the thalamus, connected to the lateral ventricles by the inter-ventricular foramina of Monro

43
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A

Provides mechanical ad physical protection to the brain and the spinal chord.

Made from blood plasma filtered by ependymal cells

Constantly re-cycled

80-150ml present at any given time

44
Q

Circle of Willis

A
45
Q

Inferior Brain Arteries

A
46
Q

Dural Venous Sinuses

A
47
Q

Inferior Saggital and Sigmoid Sinuses

A