The Brain Flashcards by Courtney @Brainscape

Q

General Features of the Brain

A

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Q

Features of the brain

Central suclus

A

Pre-central (motor cortex) and post-central (sensory cortex) either side of sulcus

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Q

Features of the brain

Longitudinal fissue

A

Contains anterior cerebral arteries

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Q

Features of the brain

Lateral fissue

A

Contains middle cerebral artery

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Q

Features of the brain

Lumps and grooves of folds

A

Each lump is a Gyrus

Each groove is a Sulcus

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Q

Cerebral Hemispheres

A

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Q

Median Sagittal Section of the Brain

A

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Q

Corpus Callosum

A

White matter tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres

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Q

Association tracts

A

Between gyri of the same hemisphere

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Q

Commisural tracts/fibres

A

From one hemisphere to the corresponding region of the other

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Q

Projection fibres

A

From cerebrum to thalamus, brainstem etc

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Q

Coronal Section through Brain

A

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Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Regulate initiation and termination of body movements.

Thought to be involved with memory, planning and emotional response.

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Q

Diencephalon

Thalamus

A

Major sensory relay station

Spinal cord, brainstem, midbrain to the thalamus then to cerebral hemispheres

Involved in motor pathways

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Q

Diencephalon

Hypothalamus

A

Regulation of autonomic nervous system and homeostasis

Produces hormones

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Q

Diencephalon

Pineal gland

A

Epithalamus - Produces melatonin to regulate body clock

Epithalamus also contains habenular nucles for olfaction and emotional response

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Q

Midbrain

Connects

A

Connects pons and medulla to diencephalon

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Q

Midbrain

Superior Colliculi

A

Visiual tracking and scanning

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Q

Midbrain

Inferior colliculi

A

Auditory startle reflex

Q

Midbrain

Substatia niagra

A

Control sub-conscious muscle action

Q

Midbrain

Red nuclei

A

Co-ordinate muscle movement

Q

Pons

A

Pontine Nuclei - Coordinate and maximise voluntary motor output. Tracts which help with breathing.

Origin of Cranial Nerves V, VI, VII, and Vestibular Part of VIII

Q

Medulla

A

Contains pyramids (motor tracts), cardiovascular centres, breathing centres, nuclei concerned with touch, pressure and vibration.

The olives - proprioception (joint and muscle position)

Origin of Cranial Nerves IX, X, XI, XII, and cochlear part of VIII

Q

Cerebellum

Vermis

A

Between lobes

Q

Cerebellum

Controls

A

Sub-conscious aspects of skeletal muscle movements and coordinates complex sequences

Q

Cerebellum

Regulates

A

Posture and balance

Q

Cerebellum

Superior/Middle/Inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

Superior: Midbrain to cerebellum.

Middle: Pons to cerebellum

Inferior: Medulla to cerebellum

Q

Pituitary gland

A

Releases growth hormone, FSH and LH.

Q

Meninges

Pia mater

A

Innermost layer, sticks to surface of neural tissue

Q

Meninges

Arachnoid Mater

A

Middle layer, fine “spiderweb” of connective tissue

Q

Meninges

Dura mater

A

Outermost layer, tough connective tissue sheath

Q

Meninges

Sub-arachnoid space

A

Lies between pia and arachnoid. Contains Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Q

Meninges Covering the Brain

Dura Mater

A

Dura lines skull, protecting brain and forming dural venous sinuses

Q

Meninges Covering the Brain

Arachnoid Mater

A

Covers surface of brain and carries blood vessels

Q

Meninges Covering the Brain

Pia Mater

A

Adheres to surface of brain, going into the sulci and around the gyri

Q

Blood Supply to Meninges

Anterior Meningeal Artery

A

From ethmoid branches of the internal carotid supplies the dura of the anterior fossa

Q

Blood Supply to Meninges

Middle meningeal artery

A

From the maxillary artery passes through the foramen spinosum to supply the dura with blood. Is the major vessel supplying the dura and damage will lead to an extra-dura hematoma (compresses brain)

Q

Blood Supply to Meninges

Posterior Meningeal Artery

A

From occipital artery. Supplies dura of posterior fossa

Q

Ventricles of the Brain

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

Runs through the midbrain to connect the 3rd and 4th ventricles

Q

Ventricles of the Brain

Lateral ventricle

A

One in each hemisphere

Q

Ventricles of the Brain

4th Ventricle

A

Connects to the sub-arachnoid space via the lateral (x2) and median (x1) apertures and is connected to the central canal of the spinal cord

Q

Ventricles of the Brain

3rd Ventricle

A

Inside the thalamus, connected to the lateral ventricles by the inter-ventricular foramina of Monro

Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A

Provides mechanical ad physical protection to the brain and the spinal chord.

Made from blood plasma filtered by ependymal cells

Constantly re-cycled

80-150ml present at any given time

Q

Circle of Willis

A

Q

Inferior Brain Arteries

A

Q

Dural Venous Sinuses

A

Q

Inferior Saggital and Sigmoid Sinuses

A