Parotid Gand and Temporal Region

Question 1

Parotid Gland

Acini, capsule, duct

Answer 1

Salivary gland with serous acini only

CT capsule and dense fibrous capsule extending as deep as the stylomandibular ligament

Single duct 1 fingers breadth below zygomatic arch

Question 2

Parotid Duct

Answer 2

Sharp, medial turn to pierce buccal fat pad and buccinator to enter oral cavity.

Oblique passage

Palpable if masseter is tense

Question 3

Facial Nerve to Muscles of Facial Expression

Answer 3

Question 4

Facial Scructures

Answer 4

Question 5

Parotid Gland and Surrounding Structures

Answer 5

Question 6

Nerve Supply to Parotid Gland

Answer 6

Question 7

Muscles of Mastication

Number

Answer 7

Four - Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid

Question 8

Muscles of Mastication

Innervation

Answer 8

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V₃)

Question 9

Muscles of Mastication

Function

Answer 9

Movements of the mandible - Elevation, depression, protrusion, retrusion and lateral sliding.

Depression may be by gravity or against force using supra-hyoid muscles

Question 10

Temporalis

Attachments

Answer 10

Temporal fossa and fascia to coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible

Covered by temporal fascia

Question 11

Temporalis

Function

Answer 11

Anterior and superior fibres elevate mandible.

Posterior fibres retract it.

Question 12

Temporalis

Innervation

Answer 12

Deep temporal nerves (x2) from anterior division of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V₃)

Question 13

Masseter

Attachments

Answer 13

Zygomatic arch to the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible

Question 14

Masseter

Function

Answer 14

Elevates mandible

Question 15

Masseter

Innervation

Answer 15

Masseteric nerve from the anterior division of CN V₃

Question 16

Lateral Pterygoid

Attachments (upper and lower head)

Answer 16

Upper head from the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid.

Lower head from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

Insers into neck of mandible and articular disk

Question 17

Lateral Pterygoid

Function

Answer 17

Pulls neck of mandible forwards with articular disk (Protrusion - both)

Helps in lateral chewing movements with Medial Pterygoid (one side)

Question 18

Lateral Pterygoid

Innervation

Answer 18

Nerve to lateral pterygoid - anterior division of CN V₃

Question 19

Medial Pterygoid

Attachments (Superficial and Deep heads)

Answer 19

Superficial head from the tubercle of the maxilla

Deep head from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

Inserts into the medial surface of the angle of the mandible

Question 20

Medial Pterygoid

Function

Answer 20

Assists in elevation

Question 21

Medial Pterygoid

Innervation

Answer 21

Nerve to medial pterygoid from the main trunk of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V₃)

Question 22

Movements of the Mandible

Elevation

Answer 22

Head of the mandible and disc move backwards and head rotates on the lower surface of the disc (temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid)

Question 23

Movements of the Mandible

Depression

Answer 23

Head of mandible rotates on undersurface of articular disc and mandible is pulled forward (lateral pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid and gravity)

Question 24

Movements of the Mandible

Protrustion

Answer 24

Articular disc and head of mandible move forward. Movement is in the upper part of the cavity (Lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid which assists)

Question 25

Movements of the Mandible Retrusion

Answer 25

Articular disc and head of mandible pulled backwards into mandibular fossa (posterior fibres of temporalis)

Question 26

Movements of the Mandible Lateral chewing

Answer 26

Protrusion and retrusion combined (both pterygoids)

Question 27

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V₃)

Answer 27

Question 28

External Carotid Artery

Answer 28

Question 29

Posterior Branches of ECA Occipital

Answer 29

Close to origin of facial, crossed by hypoglossal nerve. Passes under posterior belly of digastric to enter the posterior triangle. Back of scalp.

Question 30

Posterior Branches of ECA Posterior Auricular

Answer 30

Level of upper border of belly of digastric. Scalp.

Question 31

Posterior Branches of ECA Ascending pharyngeal

Answer 31

Ascends between internal carotid and pharynx, and branches to pharynx.

Question 32

Anterior Branches of ECA Superior thyroid

Answer 32

Near origin, runs with external laryngeal nerve. Branch to SCM and superior laryngeal artery.

Question 33

Anterior Branches of ECA Lingual

Answer 33

Opposite tip greater cornu of hyoid bone Passes deep to hyoglossus Crossed by hypoglossal nerve Oral cavity

Question 34

Anterior Branches of ECA Facial Nerve

Answer 34

Above tip of greater cornu of hyoid bone Passes deep to posterior belly of digastric Superior and inferior labial branches and angular artery to face

Question 35

Terminal Branches of ECA Superficial Temporal

Answer 35

Smaller branch Ascends in front of auricle Divides into anterior and posterior branches which supply the skin over the frontal and temporal regions

Question 36

Terminal Branches of ECA Maxillary

Answer 36

Arises behind neck of mandible Branches to muscles of mastication, tympanic membrane, upper and lower teeth, palate, nasal cavity, nasopharynx and meninges

Question 37

Facial Lymphatics

Answer 37