Larynx Flashcards
Larynx
Voice production, hyaline cartilage, small palne synovial joints
Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Arytenoid Cartilages
Corniculate, Cuneiform and Epiglottis
Epiglottis
Elastic cartilage
ANterior connections to the body of the hyoid bone and posterior surface of thryroid cartilage
Lateral connections to arytenoid cartilages via aryepiglottic folds
Mucous membrane covering reflected onto posterior surface of tongue - median glossoepiglottic fold and lateral pharyngoepiglottic folds
Membranes and Ligaments
Arytenoid cartilages to epiglottis: Quadrangular ligament - free edge is vestibular ligament
Cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid: Cricothyroid membrane - free upper border is the vocal ligament
Vocal Folds
Vocal Folds
Vocal Fold Movements
Change air flow through the larynx causing sound production (phonation)
Individual sounds and words are created by movements of lips, cheeks and tongue
Muscles of the Larynx
External (extrinsic)
Supra and infra- hyoid muscles of the neck which attach to the hyoid bone or thyroid cartilage and move the entire larynx - swallowing
Muscles of the Larynx
Elevation
Digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus)
Muscles of the Larynx
Depression
Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid (elastic recoil of trachea)
Muscles of the Larynx
Internal (intrinsic)
Muscles which pass between elements of the larynx and move the cartilages or vocal folds
Cricothyroid
Attachments
Cricoid cartilage to lamina and inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage
Cricothyroid
Function
Tense and elongate vocal folds (increase distance between thyroid cartilage and vocal processes of arytenoid - thyroid forwards and cricoid tilted backwards)
Cricothyroid
Innervation
External laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X)
Thyroarytenoid
Attachments
Inner surface of angle of thyroid cartilage to anterolateral surface of arytenoid cartilages
Upper fibres run alongside vocal ligament (vocalis)
Thyroarytenoid
Function
Pull arytenoids forwards towards thyroid cartilage - shorten and relax vocal ligament
Thyroarytenoid
Innervation
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (Vagus CN X)
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
Attachments
Posterior of lamina of cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
Function
Pulls muscular process of arytenoid backwards - rotating vocal process laterally which gives an abduction of the vocal fold
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
Innervation
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)
Lateral Cricoarytenoid
Attachments
Upper edge of cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
Lateral Cricoarytenoid
Function
Pulls muscular process forwards - rotates vocal process medially which gives an adduction of the vocal fold
Lateral Cricoarytenoid
Innervation
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)
Oblique Arytenoid
Attachments
Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage to apex of opposite arytenoid cartilage - some fibres form aryepiglottic muscles in aryepiglottic fold
Oblique Arytenoid
Function
Sphincter of laryngeal inlet
Oblique Arytenoid
Innervation
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)
Transverse Arytenoid
Attachments
Posterior and medial surfaces of arytenoid cartilages to opposite arytenoid cartilage
Transverse Arytenoid
Function
Closes posterior part of rima glottidis
Transverse Arytenoid
Innervation
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)
Laryngeal Muscles
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Laryngeal Arterial Supply
Laryngeal Venous Drainage
Laryngeal Lymphatics
