Larynx

Question 1

Larynx

Answer 1

Voice production, hyaline cartilage, small palne synovial joints

Question 2

Thyroid Cartilage

Answer 2

Question 3

Cricoid Cartilage

Answer 3

Question 4

Arytenoid Cartilages

Answer 4

Question 5

Corniculate, Cuneiform and Epiglottis

Answer 5

Question 6

Epiglottis

Answer 6

Elastic cartilage

ANterior connections to the body of the hyoid bone and posterior surface of thryroid cartilage

Lateral connections to arytenoid cartilages via aryepiglottic folds

Mucous membrane covering reflected onto posterior surface of tongue - median glossoepiglottic fold and lateral pharyngoepiglottic folds

Question 7

Membranes and Ligaments

Answer 7

Arytenoid cartilages to epiglottis: Quadrangular ligament - free edge is vestibular ligament

Cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid: Cricothyroid membrane - free upper border is the vocal ligament

Question 8

Vocal Folds

Answer 8

Question 9

Vocal Folds

Answer 9

Question 10

Vocal Fold Movements

Answer 10

Change air flow through the larynx causing sound production (phonation)

Individual sounds and words are created by movements of lips, cheeks and tongue

Question 11

Muscles of the Larynx

External (extrinsic)

Answer 11

Supra and infra- hyoid muscles of the neck which attach to the hyoid bone or thyroid cartilage and move the entire larynx - swallowing

Question 12

Muscles of the Larynx

Elevation

Answer 12

Digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus)

Question 13

Muscles of the Larynx

Depression

Answer 13

Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid (elastic recoil of trachea)

Question 14

Muscles of the Larynx

Internal (intrinsic)

Answer 14

Muscles which pass between elements of the larynx and move the cartilages or vocal folds

Question 15

Cricothyroid

Attachments

Answer 15

Cricoid cartilage to lamina and inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage

Question 16

Cricothyroid

Function

Answer 16

Tense and elongate vocal folds (increase distance between thyroid cartilage and vocal processes of arytenoid - thyroid forwards and cricoid tilted backwards)

Question 17

Cricothyroid

Innervation

Answer 17

External laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 18

Thyroarytenoid

Attachments

Answer 18

Inner surface of angle of thyroid cartilage to anterolateral surface of arytenoid cartilages

Upper fibres run alongside vocal ligament (vocalis)

Question 19

Thyroarytenoid

Function

Answer 19

Pull arytenoids forwards towards thyroid cartilage - shorten and relax vocal ligament

Question 20

Thyroarytenoid

Innervation

Answer 20

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (Vagus CN X)

Question 21

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Attachments

Answer 21

Posterior of lamina of cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

Question 22

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Function

Answer 22

Pulls muscular process of arytenoid backwards - rotating vocal process laterally which gives an abduction of the vocal fold

Question 23

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Innervation

Answer 23

Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)

Question 24

Lateral Cricoarytenoid

Attachments

Answer 24

Upper edge of cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

Question 25

Lateral Cricoarytenoid Function

Answer 25

Pulls muscular process forwards - rotates vocal process medially which gives an adduction of the vocal fold

Question 26

Lateral Cricoarytenoid Innervation

Answer 26

Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)

Question 27

Oblique Arytenoid Attachments

Answer 27

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage to apex of opposite arytenoid cartilage - some fibres form aryepiglottic muscles in aryepiglottic fold

Question 28

Oblique Arytenoid Function

Answer 28

Sphincter of laryngeal inlet

Question 29

Oblique Arytenoid Innervation

Answer 29

Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)

Question 30

Transverse Arytenoid Attachments

Answer 30

Posterior and medial surfaces of arytenoid cartilages to opposite arytenoid cartilage

Question 31

Transverse Arytenoid Function

Answer 31

Closes posterior part of rima glottidis

Question 32

Transverse Arytenoid Innervation

Answer 32

Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)

Question 33

Laryngeal Muscles

Answer 33

Question 34

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Answer 34

Question 35

Laryngeal Arterial Supply

Answer 35

Question 36

Laryngeal Venous Drainage

Answer 36

Question 37

Laryngeal Lymphatics

Answer 37