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Gross Anatomy 2 > Pharynx and Pre-vertebral > Flashcards

Pharynx and Pre-vertebral Flashcards

1
Q

Pharynx

Shape

A

Upper funnel end shaped at base of skull - joins oesophagus at C6

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2
Q

Pharynx

Mucous membrane

A

Nasal, mouth, larynx, tympanic cavity

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3
Q

Pharynx

Ciliated columnar epithelium

A

Superiorly to stratified squamous inferiorly

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4
Q

Pharynx

Fibrous layer

A

Under epithelium - connects to base of skull and into submucous coat of oesophagus

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5
Q

Pharynx

Muscular layer

A

Under fibrous layer and has almost circular constrictor muscles and longitudinal muscles

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6
Q

Pharynx Divisions

A
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7
Q

Nasopharynx

Position

A

Behind nasal cavities, above soft palate

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8
Q

Nasopharynx

Boundaries

A

Roof - Sphenoid, occipital and pharyngeal tonsil

Floor - Soft palate - pharyngeal isthmus

Anterior - Nasal passages

Posterior - Roof and CI level

Lateral - Auditory/Eustacian tube, salpingopharyngeal fold

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9
Q

Oropharynx

Position

A

From soft palate to upper border of epiglottis

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10
Q

Oropharynx

Boundaries

A

Roof - soft palate

Floor - Posterior third of tongue, lingual tonsil and glossoepigottic folds

Anterior - Mouth

Posterior - C2/3 level

Lateral - Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds with palatine tonsil

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11
Q

Palatoglossus, palatine tonsil and palatopharyngeus

A
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12
Q

Laryngopharynx

Position

A

Behind larynx and laryngeal opening

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13
Q

Laryngopharynx

Boundaries

A

Anterior - Larynx

Posterior - C vertebrae 3-6

Lateral - Supported by thyroid cartilage, aryepiglottic fold and thyrohyoid membrane

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14
Q

Superior Constrictor

Attachments

A

Lower part (posterior) medial pterygoid plate, hamulus, pterygomandibular ligament, mandible, side of tongue

To pharyngeal tubercle of occipital bone, fibrous raphe and middle constrictor

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15
Q

Superior Constrictor

Function

A

Upper fibres pull posterior pharyngeal wall anteriorly to close off nasopharynx

Propel food to middle constrictor.

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16
Q

Superior Constrictor

Innervation

A

Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)

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17
Q

Middle Constrictor

Attachments

A

Lower part of the stylohyoid ligament to the greater and lesser cornua of the hyoid bone

To raphe but also blend with superior and inferior constrictor

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18
Q

Middle Constrictor

Function

A

Propel food towards inferior constrictor

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19
Q

Middle Constrictor

Innervation

A

Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)

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20
Q

Inferior Constrictor

Attachments

A

Lamina of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

To raphe and blend with middle constrictor and oesophagus

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21
Q

Inferior Constrictor

Functon

A

Propels food to oesophagus

22
Q

Inferior Constrictor

Innervation

A

Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)

23
Q

Inferior Constrictor

24
Q

Longitudinal Muscles - Stylopharyngeus

Attachments

A

Base of styloid process of temporal bone to posterior border of thyroid cartilage, across the internal carotid artery.

Passes between superior and middle constrictors.

25
Q

Longitudinal Muscles - Stylopharyngeus

Function

A

Elevates larynx and pharynx during swallowing

26
Q

Longitudinal Muscles - Stylopharyngeus

Innervation

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

27
Q

Longitudinal Muscles - Salpingopharyngeus

Attachments

A

Cartilage of auditory tube to blend with palatopharyngeus

28
Q

Longitudinal Muscles - Salpingopharyngeus

Function

A

Elevates pharynx

29
Q

Longitudinal Muscles - Salpingopharyngeus

Innervation

A

Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)

30
Q

Longitudinal Muscles - Palatopharyngeus

Attachments

A

Hard palate and palatine aponeurosis to the lamina of thyroid cartilage (posterior)

31
Q

Longitudinal Muscles - Palatopharyngeus

Function

A

Elevates pharynx

32
Q

Longitudinal Muscles - Palatopharyngeus

Innervation

A

Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)

33
Q

Posterior View

34
Q

Features of Pharynx

35
Q

Pharynx Arterial Supply

36
Q

Pharynx Veins and Lymph

37
Q

Pharynx Innervation

38
Q

Pharyngeal Plexus

39
Q

Pre-vertebral (anterior muscles)

A

Longus Colli

Longus Capitis

Rectus Capitis Anterior

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

40
Q

Longus Capitis

Attachments

A

Transverse processes of cervial vertebrae anterior tubercles C3-6 to base of occipital bone

41
Q

Longus Capitis

Function

A

Flexion of head

42
Q

Longus Capitis

Innervation

A

Ventral rami cervical spinal nerves (C1-3)

43
Q

Longus Colli

Attachments (3)

A

From atlas to T3

Inferior and superior oblique, and vertical parts

Inferior oblique: T2/3 to anterior tubercle of cervical transverse processes C5,6

Superior Oblique: Anterior tubercle C3-5 to atlantal anterior tubercle

Vertical: Anterior aspect T1-3 to C4-6

44
Q

Longus Colli

Function

A

Flexion of neck and rotation to opposite side via inferior oblique

45
Q

Longus Colli

Innervation

A

Ventral rami cervial spinal nerves (C2-6)

46
Q

Recus Capitis Anterior and Lateralis

Attachments (2)

A

Anterior: From anterior surface and root of transverse process of atlas to occipital bone

Lateralis: From transverse process of atlas to occipital bone

47
Q

Recus Capitis Anterior and Lateralis

Function

A

Anterior: Flex atlanto-occipital joint

Lateralis: Gives lateral flexion of the head (crossed by internal jugular vein)

48
Q

Recus Capitis Anterior and Lateralis

Innervation

A

Ventral rami of cervical nerves (C1-C2 loop)

49
Q

Sympathtic Ganglia

A

From base of skill to join to thoracic

Chain behind internal and common carotid arteries

Medial to vagus nerve

Embedded in deep fascia between carotid sheath and fascia over surface of longus capitis and longus colli

Superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia

50
Q

Superior Cervical Ganglia

A

Large, immediately below skill

Internal carotid nerve into carotid canal toform internal carotid plexus

Gray rami communicantes to C1-4 ventral rami

Branches to form plexus of common and external carotid arteris

Cranial nerve branches (CN IX, X, XII)

Pharyngeal branches join CN IX and CN X in pharyngeal plexus

Superior cardiac - plexus in throat

51
Q

Middle Cervical Ganglion

A

Small, at level of cricoid cartilage
Related to loop of inferior thyroid artery
Gray rami communicantes to C5,6 ventral rami
Thyroid branches along artery to gland
Middle cardiac branch to cardiac plexus
Middle to inferior usually 2 or more nerve bundles – anterior bundle pass anterior to 1st part subclavian artery and then behind it = ansa subclavia

52
Q

Inferior Cervical Ganglion

A

Usually fused with 1st thoracic ganglion to form stellate ganglion
Lies behind vertebral artery between transverse process of C7 and head of 1st rib
Grey rami communicantes to ventral rami of C7,8
Arterial branches to subclavian and vertebral arteries
Inferior cardiac branch to cardiac plexus

Gross Anatomy 2 (28 decks)

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