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Gross Anatomy 2 > Pharynx and Pre-vertebral > Flashcards

Pharynx and Pre-vertebral Flashcards

1
Q

Pharynx

Shape

A

Upper funnel end shaped at base of skull - joins oesophagus at C6

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2
Q

Pharynx

Mucous membrane

A

Nasal, mouth, larynx, tympanic cavity

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3
Q

Pharynx

Ciliated columnar epithelium

A

Superiorly to stratified squamous inferiorly

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4
Q

Pharynx

Fibrous layer

A

Under epithelium - connects to base of skull and into submucous coat of oesophagus

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5
Q

Pharynx

Muscular layer

A

Under fibrous layer and has almost circular constrictor muscles and longitudinal muscles

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6
Q

Pharynx Divisions

A
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7
Q

Nasopharynx

Position

A

Behind nasal cavities, above soft palate

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8
Q

Nasopharynx

Boundaries

A

Roof - Sphenoid, occipital and pharyngeal tonsil

Floor - Soft palate - pharyngeal isthmus

Anterior - Nasal passages

Posterior - Roof and CI level

Lateral - Auditory/Eustacian tube, salpingopharyngeal fold

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9
Q

Oropharynx

Position

A

From soft palate to upper border of epiglottis

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10
Q

Oropharynx

Boundaries

A

Roof - soft palate

Floor - Posterior third of tongue, lingual tonsil and glossoepigottic folds

Anterior - Mouth

Posterior - C2/3 level

Lateral - Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds with palatine tonsil

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11
Q

Palatoglossus, palatine tonsil and palatopharyngeus

A
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12
Q

Laryngopharynx

Position

A

Behind larynx and laryngeal opening

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13
Q

Laryngopharynx

Boundaries

A

Anterior - Larynx

Posterior - C vertebrae 3-6

Lateral - Supported by thyroid cartilage, aryepiglottic fold and thyrohyoid membrane

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14
Q

Superior Constrictor

Attachments

A

Lower part (posterior) medial pterygoid plate, hamulus, pterygomandibular ligament, mandible, side of tongue

To pharyngeal tubercle of occipital bone, fibrous raphe and middle constrictor

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15
Q

Superior Constrictor

Function

A

Upper fibres pull posterior pharyngeal wall anteriorly to close off nasopharynx

Propel food to middle constrictor.

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16
Q

Superior Constrictor

Innervation

A

Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)

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17
Q

Middle Constrictor

Attachments

A

Lower part of the stylohyoid ligament to the greater and lesser cornua of the hyoid bone

To raphe but also blend with superior and inferior constrictor

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18
Q

Middle Constrictor

Function

A

Propel food towards inferior constrictor

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19
Q

Middle Constrictor

Innervation

A

Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)

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20
Q

Inferior Constrictor

Attachments

A

Lamina of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

To raphe and blend with middle constrictor and oesophagus

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21
Q

Inferior Constrictor

Functon

A

Propels food to oesophagus

22
Q

Inferior Constrictor

Innervation

A

Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)

23
Q

Inferior Constrictor

24
Q

Longitudinal Muscles - Stylopharyngeus

Attachments

A

Base of styloid process of temporal bone to posterior border of thyroid cartilage, across the internal carotid artery.

Passes between superior and middle constrictors.

25
Longitudinal Muscles - Stylopharyngeus Function
Elevates larynx and pharynx during swallowing
26
Longitudinal Muscles - Stylopharyngeus Innervation
Glossopharyngeal nerve
27
Longitudinal Muscles - Salpingopharyngeus Attachments
Cartilage of auditory tube to blend with palatopharyngeus
28
Longitudinal Muscles - Salpingopharyngeus Function
Elevates pharynx
29
Longitudinal Muscles - Salpingopharyngeus Innervation
Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)
30
Longitudinal Muscles - Palatopharyngeus Attachments
Hard palate and palatine aponeurosis to the lamina of thyroid cartilage (posterior)
31
Longitudinal Muscles - Palatopharyngeus Function
Elevates pharynx
32
Longitudinal Muscles - Palatopharyngeus Innervation
Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)
33
Posterior View
34
Features of Pharynx
35
Pharynx Arterial Supply
36
Pharynx Veins and Lymph
37
Pharynx Innervation
38
Pharyngeal Plexus
39
Pre-vertebral (anterior muscles)
Longus Colli Longus Capitis Rectus Capitis Anterior Rectus Capitis Lateralis
40
Longus Capitis Attachments
Transverse processes of cervial vertebrae anterior tubercles C3-6 to base of occipital bone
41
Longus Capitis Function
Flexion of head
42
Longus Capitis Innervation
Ventral rami cervical spinal nerves (C1-3)
43
Longus Colli Attachments (3)
From atlas to T3 Inferior and superior oblique, and vertical parts Inferior oblique: T2/3 to anterior tubercle of cervical transverse processes C5,6 Superior Oblique: Anterior tubercle C3-5 to atlantal anterior tubercle Vertical: Anterior aspect T1-3 to C4-6
44
Longus Colli Function
Flexion of neck and rotation to opposite side via inferior oblique
45
Longus Colli Innervation
Ventral rami cervial spinal nerves (C2-6)
46
Recus Capitis Anterior and Lateralis Attachments (2)
Anterior: From anterior surface and root of transverse process of atlas to occipital bone Lateralis: From transverse process of atlas to occipital bone
47
Recus Capitis Anterior and Lateralis Function
Anterior: Flex atlanto-occipital joint Lateralis: Gives lateral flexion of the head (crossed by internal jugular vein)
48
Recus Capitis Anterior and Lateralis Innervation
Ventral rami of cervical nerves (C1-C2 loop)
49
Sympathtic Ganglia
From base of skill to join to thoracic Chain behind internal and common carotid arteries Medial to vagus nerve Embedded in deep fascia between carotid sheath and fascia over surface of longus capitis and longus colli Superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia
50
Superior Cervical Ganglia
Large, immediately below skill Internal carotid nerve into carotid canal toform internal carotid plexus Gray rami communicantes to C1-4 ventral rami Branches to form plexus of common and external carotid arteris Cranial nerve branches (CN IX, X, XII) Pharyngeal branches join CN IX and CN X in pharyngeal plexus Superior cardiac - plexus in throat
51
Middle Cervical Ganglion
Small, at level of cricoid cartilage Related to loop of inferior thyroid artery Gray rami communicantes to C5,6 ventral rami Thyroid branches along artery to gland Middle cardiac branch to cardiac plexus Middle to inferior usually 2 or more nerve bundles – anterior bundle pass anterior to 1st part subclavian artery and then behind it = ansa subclavia
52
Inferior Cervical Ganglion
Usually fused with 1st thoracic ganglion to form stellate ganglion Lies behind vertebral artery between transverse process of C7 and head of 1st rib Grey rami communicantes to ventral rami of C7,8 Arterial branches to subclavian and vertebral arteries Inferior cardiac branch to cardiac plexus

Gross Anatomy 2 (28 decks)

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