TFL Final Grammar Review

Question 1

Verbs that can take a direct object are called ___ verbs, and verbs that do not take a direct object are called ___.

Answer 1

transitive; intransitive

Question 2

The 1st/2nd person personal and reflexive pronouns are ___ in Latin.

Answer 2

identical

Question 3

Give some English words that express the subjunctive.

Answer 3

may, might, let, should, could, would

Question 4

A subjunctive clause is made negative by using the conjunction

Answer 4

ne

Question 5

If the verb of the main clause is in the past, the verb of the purpose clause is in the ___.

Answer 5

imperfect subjunctive

Question 6

The meaning of the subjunctive must be determined by the ___, but we will use the helping verbs ___ for recitation.

Answer 6

context; may and might

Question 7

Adjectives with stems ending in a vowel are usually compared with the adverbs ___.

Answer 7

magis, máximē

Question 8

The persent subjunctive is formed by ___ or ___ these vowels before the personal ending:

1st conj. ___

2nd conj. ___

3rd conj. ___

3rd conj. io ___

4th conj. ___

Answer 8

adding; changing

substitute e for a

add a

substitute a for i, o, u

add a

add a

Question 9

If the verb of the main clause is in the present or future, the verb of the purpose clause is in the ___.

Answer 9

present subjunctive

Question 10

To form the singular imperative of all four conjugations, drop ___ from the infinitive

Answer 10

-re

Question 11

A participle is a ___.

Answer 11

verbal adjective

Question 12

The subjunctive mood is used for

Answer 12

potential action, such as opinions, purpose, and wishes

Question 13

A clause is part of a sentence that has

Answer 13

a subject and a verb

Question 14

In adjectives and adverbs, there are ___.

Answer 14

degrees of comparison

Question 15

Give two latin examples where an adjective is used as a noun to describe a group of people or things.

Answer 15

multa (many things), nostri (our men), multi (many people)

Question 16

Give two uses of the demonstrative iste.

Answer 16

1) point out something close to the person spoken to
2) in contempt

Question 17

A vocative noun is often used with an ___ verb and usually is not the ___ word in the sentence.

Answer 17

imperative; first

Question 18

In English, other adjectives and adverbs are compared by means of the words ___.

Answer 18

more and most

Question 19

Which demonstrative is also used as the 3rd person personal pronoun?

Answer 19

is ea id

Question 20

A deliberative question uses the ___ subjunctive for present time and the ___ subjunctive for past time.

Answer 20

present; imperfect

Question 21

The forms for ___ and ___ pronouns are identical in English, but different in Latin.

Answer 21

reflexive; intensive

Question 22

Give the dative and ablative plural of fília and dea.

Answer 22

filiabus, deabus

Question 23

The superlative of regular adverbs is formed by ___.

Answer 23

adding -ē to the superlative stem

Question 24

In a sentence with a purpose clause, the main verb is in the ___ and the purpose clause is in the ___.

Answer 24

indicative; subjunctive

Question 25

A deliberative question is asked in ___ or ___ and is expressed in English by the helping verb \_\_\_.

Answer 25

doubt; indignation; should

Question 26

A comparitive adjective used to indicate degree rather than comparison means \_\_\_.

Answer 26

rather, too, more than the average

Question 27

What sentence helps you remember the vowel changes in the subjunctive?

Answer 27

We beat a liar.

Question 28

Which demonstrative means *the famous* when it follows a noun?

Answer 28

**ille illa illud**

Question 29

3rd declension nouns ending in ___ are usually feminine, and those ending in ___ are always feminine.

Answer 29

**-o**; **-tas -tatis**

Question 30

A appositive agrees with its noun or pronoun in \_\_\_, and usually but not necessarily in \_\_\_.

Answer 30

case; gender and number

Question 31

The subjunctive mood is used mainly in \_\_.

Answer 31

subordinate clauses

Question 32

What three declensions have nouns ending in **-us** in the nominative?

Answer 32

2nd, 3rd, 4th

Question 33

To form the plural imperative of all but the 3rd conjugation add ___ to the singular imperative

Answer 33

**-te**

Question 34

Some adjectives, especially of quantity and number, form adverbs with the \_\_\_.

Answer 34

accusative singular

Question 35

In English, reflexive and intensive pronouns end in \_\_\_.

Answer 35

-self, -selves

Question 36

Most 3rd declsnion nouns ending in **-us** are what gender?

Answer 36

neuter

Question 37

Demonstrative pronouns can be used as both \_\_\_.

Answer 37

pronouns and adjectives

Question 38

The Latin comparitive is declined like a regular ___ noun.

Answer 38

3rd declension

Question 39

The ___ implies a comparison a comparison among more than two persons or things.

Answer 39

comparitive

Question 40

Ther imperative mood is used for

Answer 40

commands

Question 41

What is the difference between a phrase and a clause?

Answer 41

A phrase does not have a subject and a verb, and a clause does.

Question 42

The genitive of 1st/2nd declension pronouns is used for ___ expressions that do not show \_\_\_.

Answer 42

of; possession

Question 43

Latin often uses the ___ as a noun to describe a group of people or things.

Answer 43

masculine or neuter nominative plural adjective

Question 44

Give the **Vocative Rule**.

Answer 44

The vocative is the same as nominative except in the 2nd-declension masculine singular where **-us** changes to **-e** and **-ius** to **-i**.

Question 45

The superlative adjective is formed by adding ___ to the stem.

Answer 45

**-issimus**, **-rimus**, or **-limus**

Question 46

Give the 2nd person reflexive/intensive pronouns in English.

Answer 46

yourself, yourselves

Question 47

The 3rd person reflexive pronoun adjective in Latin is \_\_\_.

Answer 47

**suus sua suum**

Question 48

The active perfect and pluperfect subjunctives are built on the ___ stem by adding ___ and \_\_\_, respectively.

Answer 48

perfect; **eri**; **isse**

Question 49

Give the 1st person reflexive/intensive pronouns in English.

Answer 49

myself, ourselves

Question 50

In Enlgish, some adjectives require a ___ to complete their thought.

Answer 50

prepositional phrase

Question 51

Forms of **is** and **ea** mean *he* and *she* when referring to \_\_\_, and *it* when referring to \_\_\_.

Answer 51

persons; things with grammatical gender

Question 52

The indicative mood is used for

Answer 52

statements and questions

Question 53

Give the singular and plural imperatives of **sum**.

Answer 53

**es, este**

Question 54

The three ways in Latin to express this prepositional phrase are by \_\_\_.

Answer 54

case, preposition, infinitive.

Question 55

The Naught Nine have irregular forms in what cases?

Answer 55

genitive and dative

Question 56

A superlative adjective used to indicate degree rather than comparisons means \_\_\_.

Answer 56

very

Question 57

What kind of pronouns point out persons or things?

Answer 57

demonstrative

Question 58

Give the three moods of Latin verbs.

Answer 58

indicative, imperative, subjunctive

Question 59

The reflexive pronoun reflects back on the \_\_\_, is always in the \_\_\_, and never in the ___ case.

Answer 59

subject; predicate; nominative

Question 60

Give an exampole of degrees of comparison in English using the adjective *great*.

Answer 60

great, greater, greatest

Question 61

Give three irregular singular imperatives.

Answer 61

**dic, duc, fac**

Question 62

The ___ is descriptive.

Answer 62

positive

Question 63

**Nostrum** and **vestrum** are used for the ___ genitive.

Answer 63

partitive

Question 64

Two nouns or pronouns compared using the adverb **quam** must be \_\_\_.

Answer 64

in the same case

Question 65

The comparitive of regular adverbs is the \_\_\_.

Answer 65

neuter singular nominative form

Question 66

The 3rd person personal pronoun is \_\_\_.

Answer 66

**is ea id**

Question 67

3rd declension adjectives of two and three terminations are changed into adverbs by \_\_\_.

Answer 67

adding **-****iter**or**-er** to the stem

Question 68

Give two common indeclinable nouns.

Answer 68

**satis nihil**

Question 69

The verbs in a sentence with a purpose clause must ___ in tense.

Answer 69

correspond

Question 70

Which two tenses are missing from the subjunctive?

Answer 70

future, future perfect

Question 71

A clause that cannot stand alone is a ___ clause.

Answer 71

subordinate

Question 72

The tenses of the perfect passive system are ___ verbs.

Answer 72

compound

Question 73

**Nostri** and **vestri** are used for the ___ genitive.

Answer 73

objective

Question 74

Remember ___ for the 3rd conjugation imperative forms.

Answer 74

**surge, súrgite**

Question 75

A subordinate clause that uses the subjunctive is the \_\_\_.

Answer 75

purpose clause

Question 76

Adverbs stand ___ the verbs they modify.

Answer 76

before

Question 77

Give the four demonstrative pronouns.

Answer 77

**is ea id**, **hic haec hoc**, **ille illa illud**, **iste ista istud**

Question 78

Give three vocative expressions that illustrate the vocative rule.

Answer 78

**Et tu, Brute?** **Benedic Dómine nos** **fili mi**

Question 79

Give the **three** exceptions to the **Vocative Rule**.

Answer 79

**meus** = **mi** **deus** = **deus** **Jesus** = **Jesu**

Question 80

The vocative case is the case of \_\_\_.

Answer 80

direct address

Question 81

The hortatory subjunctive is used to express \_\_\_, \_\_\_, ___ and is usually translated with \_\_\_.

Answer 81

exhortation, indirect command, strong wish; *let* or *may*.

Question 82

The ___ can be used to show purpose in English, but not in Latin.

Answer 82

infinitive

Question 83

In what three respects does **hic** refer to something close to the speaker?

Answer 83

time, space, thought

Question 84

The genitive of **is ea id** is used to show ___ but functions as a \_\_\_.

Answer 84

possession; pronoun

Question 85

The ___ implies a comparison among more than two persons or things.

Answer 85

superlative

Question 86

The degrees of comparison are:

Answer 86

positive, comparitive, superlative

Question 87

What is an appositive?

Answer 87

a word that follows a noun and renames it

Question 88

The Latin comparitive is formed by adding ___ and ___ to the stem.

Answer 88

**-ior**; **-ius**

Question 89

Give three kinds of 3rd declension adjectives.

Answer 89

1, 2, 3 terminations

Question 90

1st/ 2nd declension adjectives are changed into adverbs by \_\_\_.

Answer 90

adding **-ē** to the stem

Question 91

Give the two neuter and two feminine nouns of the 4th declension.

Answer 91

**Cornu** and **genu** are neutuer, and **domus** and **manus** are feminine.

Question 92

The perfect subjunctive is identical to the ___ tense expect for \_\_\_.

Answer 92

future perfect; the 1st person singular

Question 93

The 3rd person reflexive pronouns in Latin are \_\_\_.

Answer 93

**sui sibi se, se**

Question 94

Give three reasons for using a personal pronoun in the nominative case (as a subject).

Answer 94

clarity, contrast, emphasis

Question 95

The subjunctive mood describes activity that is \_\_\_.

Answer 95

potential

Question 96

The preposition **cum** takes the ___ case, and when combined with 1st/2nd personal pronouns results in what forms?

Answer 96

ablative; **mecum, tecum, nobiscum, vobiscum**

Question 97

Give the 3rd person reflexive/intensive pronouns in English.

Answer 97

himself, herself, itself, themselves

Question 98

The 4th principal part is a \_\_\_.

Answer 98

participle

Question 99

Which cardinale numbers are declined?

Answer 99

**uno, duo, tres**

Question 100

Give two ways to use the subjunctive in an independent clause.

Answer 100

hortatory subjunctive and deliberate questions

Question 101

An intensive pronoun ___ another word in the sentence.

Answer 101

emphasizes

Question 102

The intensive pronoun in Latin is \_\_\_.

Answer 102

**ipse**

Question 103

A clause that can stand alone is an ___ clause.

Answer 103

independent

Question 104

Give the three kinds of 1st/2nd declension adjectives.

Answer 104

regular (**bonus -a -um**), **er** adjectives (drop or retain the **e**), the Naughty Nine

Question 105

The superlative adjective is declined like \_\_\_.

Answer 105

**bonus -a -um**

Question 106

In English, many positive adjectives can be changed into comparisons by adding ___ and changed into superlatives by adding \_\_\_.

Answer 106

-er; -est

Question 107

A negative clause of purpose replaces **ut** with \_\_\_.

Answer 107

**ne**

Question 108

The indicative mood describes activity that is \_\_\_.

Answer 108

real, actual

Question 109

Give two examples of adjectives used as nouns in English.

Answer 109

the poor, the good, the bad, the ugly, the tired, the weary, etc.

Question 110

When used togetherk, **ille** and **hic** mean, respectively, \_\_\_.

Answer 110

the former, the latter